KRX7PP 374 KUEN LUN Jameson in aid of the former, vigorous measures were adopted by President Kruger, resulting in the capture of Jameson and his 700 men, and the sup- pression of the rebellion. For this the president received the congratulations of the German emperor. In 1899 his policy led to war with England. The Boer re- verses led to his departure for Europe, where he established himself in Holland. In the summer of 1901 he proposed visit- ing the United States for the purpose of inducing the government to give its moral support to the Boers, but on being informed that neither President McKin- ley nor after him President Roosevelt would receive him the project was aban- doned. He died in Switzerland, July 14, 1904. KRUPP, ALFRED, a* German metal founder and steel gun manufacturer; born in Essen, Prussia, in 1812. His father founded the manufactory. The manufactory had grown to large propor- tions before the elder Krupp's son, Alfred, discovered the method of casting steel in very large masses. His fame was made by the production of the enor- mous steel siege guns with which the Germans did such terrible execution when they invested Paris. Krupp made his first cannon in 1846. In 1864 he declined to accept the letters of nobility offered to him by the King of Prussia. He was one of the wealthiest men in Germany, and did much for the welfare of his numerous employes. Some of Krupp's processes in the manufacture of steel and the making of cannon were very carefully kept from the knowledge of the outside world. None but em- ployees were admitted to his foundries. The commission appointed by the United States Government to study the question of cannon foundries and armaments tried in vain to get Krupp's permission to enter his works. He died July 14, 1887, The Krupp works supplied most of the guns for and during the World War which the Germans used so effectively. Here the great guns, with a range of 75 miles, were made that bombarded Paris. KRTJSHEVATZ, a town in Serbia, 90 miles S. E. of Belgrade. During the Austro-German invasion of 1915 the town formed ^vith Kraljevo, Alexsinatz and Nish, the main line of defense of the Serbian army. In October of that year It was taken by the enemy. Pop. about 7,500. KRUTTSCHNITT, JULIUS, an American railway official; born in New Orleans in 1854. He studied engineer- ing at Washington and Lee University in 1873. After teaching for several years he entered railway work as con- struction engineer. He rose rapidly to various positions, becoming in 1885 assistant general manager of the Atlan- tic system of the Southern Pacific rail- road. Four years later he was appointed general manager of that system^ and from 18'95 to 1904 was general manager of the Southern Pacific railroad. He was also an official of other roads con- nected with that line. On his retirement as president, he became chairman of the executive committee of the Southern Pacific Co. He was considered one of the most capable railroad operators in the United States. KUBAN REPUBLIC, a state the ter- ritory of which was formerly a province of the Russian empire, in the W. part of northern Caucasia, bordered on one side by the Black Sea and on the other by the Sea of Azov. It is watered by the river Kuban. Its population is 2,800,000, forty per cent, of which is Cossack, and 90 per cent, of which is Christian, the other ten per cent, being Tartar Mos- lems. It has an area of 36,645 square miles. After the collapse of the Russian autocracy, in 1917, which was followed by the disintegration of the empire, the people of the Kuban declared themselves a republic, the capital being at Ekater- inodor. KUBELIK, JAN, a Bohemian violin- ist; born in 1879; began his career as a public performer in 1887, when he played before the Prague Philharmonic. For some time he performed at semi-private musicales, but after 1897 performed in public with great success in Milan, Rome, Naples, and Geneva. He toured Europe and England and in 1901 aroused great enthusiasm in the United States. KUBLAI KHAN, the founder of the 20th Chinese dynasty, that of the Mon- gols or Yen. He was the grandson of Genghis Khan, and was proclaimed Emperor of the Mongols in 1260, in succession to his brother Mangou Khan. He reigned, at first, only in Mongolia and the countries conquered by Genghis Khan; but he invaded China in 1267; captured the Chinese emperor in 1279, and thus overthrew the Song dynasty, which had ruled for 319 years. He ex- tended his conquests over Tibet, Pegu, Cochin China, and formed the greatest empire known in history, embracing the whole of Asia and part of Europe, from the Dnieper to Japan. He died in 1294. KUEN LUN (kwen-lun'), a mountain chain of central Asia, which forms the N. wall of the Tibetan plateau, as the
