HOG CHOLEBA tvritten with a View of Fixing the Fluc- tuating Ideas of Taste." In 1757 he was appointed sergeant-painter to the king. He died in London, Oct. 26, 1764. HOG CHOLERA, also known as Swine Fever, a malady affecting hogs, of which the chief symptoms include excessive diarrhoea, purple coloring of the skin, lack of appetite, general irritation and inactivity. The virus has been located and is filterable, and is usually conveyed by the water supply. The seat of the disease is in the lungs and intestines and there is much inflammation. The per- centage of loss from this disease is very large. There are different varieties of the disease, and two kindred maladies, hog cholera and swine plague, often set up a complication in the same hog. Physi- cians, however, have differentiated be- tween the two, the former usually at- tacking the intestines, and the latter usually attacking the lungs. The prin- cipal symptom in hog cholera is in the discoloration of the skin; in the other the animal usually suffers from a con- tinual cough. Very often the disease cannot be correctly diagnosed till after death, when the character is indicated by the lesions in the lungs, the intestinal canal or abdominal lymph glands. The disease is contagious and the methods of counteracting it when it af- fects a herd have to be drastic. The affected hogs have to be segregated, and the pens and surroundings in which they have been confined have to be burnt. Even the ground has to be put into dis- use, and the bacilli must be destroyed by putting it into a state of cultivation if it is intended again to use it as a hog yard. The water has to be carefully ex- amined, and the pens kept clean and occasionally whitewashed. Just as there are varieties in the mal- ady so there are degrees in its virulence. In serious cases the hog may die at the end of a couple of days. In a less se- rious case the animal may continue sick for a period of about five weeks. Hogs have been successfully immunized. The most successful method has been to in- ject the immune serum into one side and blood from a hog sick with the malady into the other. Tonics containing so- dium salts and sulphur have also had good effects. HOGEN-MOGEN (hog'en-mog'en), a sobriquet for Holland, a corruption of Hooffe en Mogende ("High and Mighty"), the Dutch term of address to their States- General. HOGG, JAMES, a Scotch poet; born in Selkirkshire in 1770. After receiving 32 HOHENLINDEN a very scanty education, he began to earn his bread by daily labor as a shep- herd. His early rhymings brought him under the notice of Sir Walter Scott, by whose advice he published a volume of ballads, "The Mountain Bard." He pub- lished the "Forest Minstrel" (1810), and the "Queen's Wake" in 1813, which es- tablished his reputation as a poet. In 1815 he published his "Pilgrims of the Sun," followed by "Mador of the Moor," "Queen Hynde," and "Dramatic Tales." He died in Altrive, on the Yarrow, in 1835. HOGMANAY (ho-man-a^ or hog'- men-e), a name applied in Scotland to the last day of the year, Dec. 31, often celebrated with holiday festivities in con- nection with the New-year's Day. HOG-PLUM, the popular name of the plants belonging to the genus Spondias, order Anacardiacex. Some of the spe- cies yield pleasant fruits, as S. purpurea and S. lutea of the West Indies, the spe- cies generally called hog-plum, because their fruit is a common food for hogs. HOG-RAT, a genus (Capromys) of rodent animals, family Muridse (mice), different species of which, including the musk-cavy, are found in the West In- dies. HOG'S FENNEL, the umbelliferous genus Peucedanum, more particularly P. officinale, a plant found, but very rarely, in salt marshes. The root yields a stim- ulant resin; the plant has an odor of sulphur. Called also common or sea sulphurwort or harestrong. HOGSHEAD, in the United States a butt, a cask containing from 100 to 140 gallons. Also a measure of capacity containing 63 wine gallons, or 52 y2 im- perial gallons. HOHENBERG, DUCHESS SOPHIE^ OF, morganatic vdfe of Francis Ferdi- nand, Archduke of Austria, and heir to the throne, born in Stuttgart, and be- fore her marriage known as the Countess Chotek. She was the mother of the Princess Sophie and the Princes Maxi- milian Charles (born in 1902) and Ernst (born in 1904), who were ex- cluded from the succession on account of the nature of the marriage of which they were the result. The Duchess, while on a visit to Serajevo, in June, 1914, together with her husband, the Archduke, was with him assassinated by a Serbian revolutionary conspirator, the murder serving as the pretext for the opening of hostilities in the World War. HOHENLINDEN (ho"en-lin"den) , a village of Bavaria on the Iser, near
