HOOfCE 61 HOP TREE HOOP<E, a bird forming the type of a family generally classed with the bee- eaters or the honey-eaters, but also with the hornbills. The European hoopoe (U. epops) is about 12 inches long; it has a fine crest of pale cinnamon-red HERBERT CLARK HOOVER feathers, tipped with black; upper sur- face on the whole ashy-brown; wings black, the coverts having white bars; throat and breast pale fawn; abdomen white, with black streaks and dashes. It has a very wide range, from Burmah to the British Islands and Africa. HOORN, a city of Holland in the Prov- ince of North Holland. It is situated on the Hoornerhop, a part of the Zuyder Zee. The city contains many mediaeval buildings of great interest. There is a large trade in dairy products and some shipbuilding. Fishing is also an im- portant industry. Pop. about 11,500. HOOSAC MOUNTAINS, a part of the Green Mountain range in western Mas- sachusetts, through which is pierced the most notable railway tunnel in America. The Hoosac tunnel, which has a length of nearly 5 miles, was commenced in 1851 for the line between Boston and Albany, was twice abandoned, and was finally opened in 1875, having cost the State of Massachusetts about $18,000,000. HOOVE, a disease in cattle, caused by eating too much green food, which in- flates the stomach with gas. HOOVER, HERBERT CLARK, an American public official and philanthro- pist. Born at West Branch, Iowa, in 1874; he attended Leland Stanford Uni- versity, where he graduated in 1895. Learning mining engineering in Cali- fornia, he set out upon his career as a prospector which carried him to China, Russia, and finally to England. He had already acquired a considerable fortune when the World War broke out in 1914. He took charge of the work for Belgian Relief and became chairman of the Com- mittee for the Relief of Belgium. His energy and organizing ability wrought a wonderful work in feeding and clothing a whole people who were practically des- titute. When America entered the war President Wilson appointed him food conti'oller, and by his application, en- ergy, and foresight the European allies were fed and the prices of foodstuifs kept within reasonable limits. His mar- velous work in these two offices made him a formidable, though unsuccessful, candidate for the Republican nomina- tion for President in 1920. He con- tinued his work of feeding the destitute peoples of central Europe, more espe- cially the children, during 1919, 1920, and 1921. He became Secretary of Com- merce in the Cabinet of President Hard- ing on March 4, 1921. HOP, in botany, Hianidus lupnlns, the only known species of the genus Hamu- lus. The root, which is perennial, annu- ally sends forth long, weak, rough, twin- ing stems. The leaves somewhat resem- ble those of the vine, but are rougher. It has an aromatic odor, sent forth by glands containing a resinous secretion. The hop is indigenous in England, but grows also in the United States, in Bel- gium, and Bavaria. Bryonia dioica is sometimes called wild hop. The native hop of Australia is (1) Dodonceo, the seed vessels of which are there used ia the manufacture of beer; (2) Daviesia Isetifolia. Hops are boiled with the wort in brewing beer. They impart a bitter taste and aromatic flavor, and prevent fermentation from being too rapid. In pharmacy lup^dus is the designa- tion of hop. The dried catkins of the female plant of H. lupulus are from the common hops. They are used to prepare infusion of hop, tincture of hop, and ex- tract of hop. HOP CLOVER (Trifolium procuni' bens), a plant of the order Leguminosse, distinguished from other species of clover by its bunch of yellow flowers. HOP TREE, an American shrub of the rue family (Rutacex), also called
