HOUSMAN 67 HOUSTON HOUSMAN, LAWRENCE, a British author. He was born in 1865, and started his literary career at an early age. His first book, "The Writings of William Blake," appeared in 1893. His other works include: "A Farm in Fairy- land"; "The House of Joy"; "Arthur Boyd Houghton"; "All Fellows"; "Gods and Their Makers"; "Spikenard"; "The Field of Clover"; "The Little Land"; "Rue"; "The Seven Young Goslings"; "An Englishwoman's Love Letters"; "A Modern Antaeus"; "Aucassin and Nico- lette"; "Bethlehem: A Nativity Play"; "Return of Alcestis"; "The Snow Man"; "The Royal Runaway"; "Lord of the Harvest"; "The Were Wolf"; "Jump to Glory— Jane"; "The Child's Guide"; etc. HOUSSA, or HAUSSA (hous'sa), a region of Africa, in central Sudan. It is under the rule of the Fellatahs, who have subjected the native inhabitants, the Haussana or Haussas, a race inter- mediate between the negroes and the Berbers. They are intelligent and lively, expert weavers as well as agriculturists, and well acquainted with tanning and working in iron. Their language has become the general medium of com- mercial intercourse in central Africa. They are Mohammedans. There are two large towns in Houssa — Sokota and Kashua. See Sudan. HOUSTON, a city and county-seat of Harris co., Tex.; on Buffalo Bayou, and on the Gulf, Colorado and Santa Fe, the Texas and New Orleans, the Interna- tional and Great Northern, the Missouri, Kansas and Texas, and several other im- portant railroads; CO miles N. W. of Gal- veston. It is connected with Galveston by a ship canal, built by the United States Government and accommodating large steamships. It is the second city in the State in population and com- mercial importance. Public Interests. — The city is built on both sides of the bayou, which is crossed by several bridges. The principal build- ings are the City Hall and Market House, built of brick, and containing, besides the city offices, the Houston Lyceum; the Cotton Exchange, contain- ing the Texas Geological and Scientific Association; the Masonic Temple; Union Station, William M. Rice Polytechnical Institute; and the Postoffice. The city is lighted by gas and electricity, has an abundant water supply, fire department, electric street railways, two public high schools, and a public library. Business Interests. — The city ranks first in the State in manufactures. These include oil, furniture, iron cast- ings, cigars, brick, pottery, jewelry, sheet metal, paint, chemicals, medicine, trunks, leather goods, barrels, soap, soda water, etc. There are several railroad machine shops, sugar and pulp mills, and cotton compresses. There are many large banking institutions. The exchanges at the United States clearing house in 1919 amounted to $899,984,000; an increase over the previous year of $92,508,000. History. — Houston was settled in 1836 and was the capital of the republic of Texas in 1837. Pop. (1910) 78,800; (1920) 138,276. HOUSTON, DAVID FRANKLIN, an American public official; born in 1866 in North Carolina; he graduated with the degree of Master of Arts from Harvard University in 1892. After teaching in several prominent colleges he became Professor of Political Science at the University of Texas in 1900, a position which he held until he was elected presi- dent of the University in 1905. From 1908-1916 he held the position of Chan- cellor of Washington University, St. Louis. He was appointed Secretary of Agriculture in 1913 by President Wilson. When Secretary Glass resigned from the Treasury Department in 1919 the Presi- dent appointed Houston to the vacant post. HOUSTON, SAMUEL, an American statesman; born in Rockbridge co., Va., March 2, 1793; was of Scotch-Irish de- scent. In 1818 he began the study of SAMUEL HOUSTON law; in 1823 and 1825 was elected to Congress; and in 1827 governor of Ten- nessee. On removing to Texas in 1832 he was made a general of Texas troops.
