HOWARD 69 HOWE HOWARD, JOHN, an English philan- thropist; born in 1726. His father, a wealthy London tradesman, died when his son was about 19 years of age, and left him an independent fortune. In 1756 Howard undertook a voyage to Lis- bon to view the effects of the recent earthquake. The vessel in which he em- barked being captured, he was consigned to a French prison. The hardships he Buffered and witnessed first roused his attention to the wrongs of prisoners. In 1773 he resolved to devote his time to the investigation of existing abuses in the management of prisons. He visited most of the English county jails and houses of correction, and in March, 1774, he laid the result of his inquiries before the House of Commons. In 1775 and 1776 he visited many Irish, Scotch and continental prisons, and published the result of his investigations. In 1789 he published an Account of the Principal Lazarettos in Europe." He died of fever in Cherson in South Russia, in 1790. HOWARD, KATHLEEN, an Ameri- can opera singer; born in Canada of English parents. She became a natural- ized citizen of the United States. She studied in New York and Paris and began her career as a church singer in New York City. After studying opera in Germany she f^rst appeared in Metz, where she at once gained recognition. She sang in other opera companies in several other cities in Germany and in London. She was leading contralto of the Century Opera Company in New York in 1913 and again in 1914-1915. She was a member of the Metropolitan Opera Co. from 1916. HOWARD, LELAND OSSIAN, an American entomologist; born in Rock- ford, 111., in 1857. He graduated from Cornell University in 1877, and took post- graduate courses at Georgetown Uni- versity. He was appointed assistant entomologist in the Bureau of Entomol- ogy in 1878 and was appointed chief of that bureau in 1894. He was honorary curator of the Depai'tment of Insects in the United States National Museum from 1895 and was consulting curator of the United States Health Service from 1904. He was permanent secretary of the American Association for the Ad- vancement of Science, and he was a member of many foreign and American scientific societies. His published writ- ings include "The Insect Book" (1902); "Mosquitoes of North America" (1912); together with many pamphlets and mono- graphs. HOWARD, OLIVER OTIS, an Ameri- can military officer; born in Leeds, Me., Nov. 8, 1830; was graduated at Bow- doin College in 1850, and at the United States Military Academy in 1854; served in the Seminole War; was instructor in mathematics at West Point, 1857-1861; entered the Civil War as colonel of the 3d Maine Regiment; commanded a bri- gade at Bull Run, July 21, 1861; became major-general of volunteers, Nov. 29, 1862; commander of the Department of Tennessee in 1864; commissioner of Freedman's Bureau, 1865-1874; peace commissioner to the Indians of Arizona and New Mexico, 1872; brigadier-general in 1864; major-general, U. S. A., 1886; and was retired Nov. 8, 1894. He lec- tured and wrote: "Nez Pei-ces Joseph"; "Life of Zachary Taylor"; "Isabella of Castile"; "Fighting for Humanity"; etc. He was personal military adviser of President McKinley in the American- Spanish War (1898). He died in 1909. HOWARD COLLEGE, a coeducational institution in Birmingham, Ala.; founded in 1842, under the auspices of the Bap- tist Church; reported in 1919: Profes- sors and instructors, 12; students, 422; president, T. H. Eagles, A. B., A. M. HOWARD UNIVERSITY, a coeduca- tional non-sectarian institution in Wash- ington, D. C; founded in 1867; reported at the close of 1920: Professors and in- structors, 50; students, 1,565; president, J. E. Rankin, D. D., LL. D. HOWE, EDGAR WATSON, an Ameri- can editor and author; born at Treaty, Ind., in 1854. He was educated in the common schools of Missouri, and at the age of twelve entered a printing office. He was publisher and owner of several papers and at last became proprietor of the "Atchison Daily Globe," which he made one of the most widely quoted papers in the United States. He con- tinued in this capacity until 1911, when he became editor and publisher of "E. W. Howe's Monthlv." He was the au- thor of "The Story of a Country Town"; "A Moonlight Boy"; "The Confession af John Whitlock"; "Daily Notes of a Trip Around the World"; "Country Town Sayings"; and "The Blessing of Busi' ness." HOWE, ELIAS, an American inven- tor; born in Spencer, Mass., July 9, 1819. He constructed a sewing machine in 1846, and was for several years involved in expensive and harassing lawsuits to establish his right to reap the benefits of his own ingenuity. He died in Brool*- lyn, N. Y., Oct. 3, 1867. HOWE, FREDERIC CLEMSON, an American lawyer and public official ; born in Meadville, Pa., in 1857. He gTadi>-
