POBEDONOSTSEV 282 POE tiguous to the same lake the right of fishing in that lake belongs to the pro- prietors, in proportion to the value of their respective titles. Exclusive^ right of fishing in a public river, that is, one in which there is an ebb and flow up to the tidal limit, or a portion of the sea, iji held by some proprietors by virtue of royal franchises granted prior to the Magna Charta. Any person, not an angler, found fish poaching on private property is liable to a maximum fine of $25 in addition to the value of the fish; an angler's fine does not exceed $10. In Scotland, as a general rule, the right of catching fish other than salmon belongs to the owners of the land on the banks of the waters. As to property in salmon fishings that is held to be originally vested in the crown, not only for the rivers of Scotland but also for the coasts, and no person accordingly is allowed to fish for salmon unless he possesses a grant or charter from the crown en- abling him to do so. The fact is, how- ever, that nearly all the chief landed proprietors do possess such rights. POBEDONOSTSEV, KONSTANTIN PETROVITCH, a Russian statesman and author. He was born in 1827 at Moscow, and became professor of civil law in the university of his native city, and tutor to the czar's family. In 1880 he became procurator of the Holy Synod, and established elementary schools. In politics he favored absolutism, and wrote numerous works, mostly legal, to that end. He died in 1907. POCAHONTAS, daughter of Pow- hatan, a powerful Indian chief of Vir- ginia; born about 1595. She displayed a^ friendliness toward the British colo- nists, first at 12 years of age, in saving the life of Capt. John Smith, who had been captured and condemned to death by her f ather, _ In 1612, while on a visit to a neighboring tribe, she was seized and^ held as a hostage by the English. While on shipboard she became acquaint- ed with, and married John Rolfe, an Englishman, who took her to England, where, in 1616, she was presented at court. She had one son, from whom numerous wealthy families of Virginia claim descent. She died in England, while preparing to return to America, in 1617. POCATELLO, a city of Idaho, the county-seat of Bannock co. It is on the Port Neuf river, and on the Oregon Short Line railroad. It is the center of an im- pprtant mining, stock raising, and agri- cultural region, and has the division headquarters and machine shops of the Oregon Short Line railroad. It is the seat of the Idaho Technical Institute and of the Holy Cross School, public li- brary, and Y. M. C. A. buildings. Pop. (1910) 9,110; (1920) 15,001. PODESTA, the title of certain officials sent by Frederick I. in the 12th century to govern the principal cities of Lom- bardy. Also a chief magistrate of the Italian republics of the Middle Ages, generally elected annually, and intrusted with all but absolute power, and an in- ferior municipal judge in some cities of Italy. PODIEBRAD, GEORGE BOCZKO, King of Bohemia ; born of a noble family in Podiebrad, April 6, 1420, and became an adherent of the moderate party of the Hussites. When the Catholic barons (1438) carried the election of Albert V. of Austria (II. of Germany), Podiebrad allied himself with the Utraquists in Tabor, who offered the sovereignty of Bohemia to Casimir, King of Poland. After forcing Albert to raise the siege of Tabor and retire to Prague, Podiebrad was recognized as the leader of the Utra- quists; then he seized on Prague (1448), and got himself made governor or re- gent of Bohemia, from 1453 to 1457, for the young king Ladislaus. On the death of Ladislaus, Podiebrad was chosen his successor, and was crowned early in 1458. In 1462 he decided to uphold the terms of the compactata of Prague (1433) ; this angered the Pope, Pius II., and he was only prevented from excom- municating Podiebrad by the emperor. The next Pope, Paul II., did in 1466 promulgate against him the ban of ex- communication. Matthias Corvinus of Hungary was the only prince who took the field to enforce it; but him Podiebrad surrounded at Wilamow (1469) and forced into a truce. Nevertheless Mat- thias was crowned king by the Catholic barons at Olmiitz immediately afterward. Podiebrad died March 22, 1471. PODOLIA, or KAMENETZ, a govern- ment of West or "White" Russia, N. of Bessarabia, and bordering on the Aus- trian frontier; area, 16,224 square miles; pop. about 4,250,000, the majority of whom are Russniaks. The surface is a table-land, strewn with hills; nearly three-fourths is either arable or avail- able for pasturage. Since the World War (1914-1918) a part of the inde- pendent state of Ukrania. POE, EDGAR ALLAN, an American poet and story- writer ; born in Boston, Jan. 19, 1809. Left an orphan early, he was adopted by John Allan, of Rich- mond, Va., and at the age of 19 left this home and published his first volume of verse at Boston. He was a cadet at
