ROBINS 75 ROBINSON ROBINS., RAYMOND, an American economist and writer, born on Staten Island, N. Y., in 1873. He was educated privately and studied law at George Washington University. He was engaged for several years in social work in Chi- cago and was a member of the Chicago Board of Education, from 1906 to 1909. He served also as social service expert for the Men and Religion Forward Move- ment, in 1911-12. He became identified with the Progressive party and served as chairman of the State Central Com- mittee. In 1914 he was candidate for that party, and was temporary and permanent chairman of the Progressive National Convention in 1916. During the World War he was engaged in Y. M. C. A. work and Red Cross work in France. In 1917 he headed the expedition for the American Red Cross to Russia. On his return to the United States he presented an elabo- rate report on conditions in Russia, which occasioned much discussion on account of its alleged leaning toward the Soviet movement. ROBINSON, EDWARD, an American writer and authority on art, born in Bos- ton in 1858. He graduated from Harvard in 1879, and spent the following five years in study, especially in Greece and in Ber- lin, devoting his attention chiefly to archae- ology. From 1895 to 1902 he was curator of classical antiquities in the Boston Mu- seum of Fine Arts, and was for three years following the latter date director of the museum. He became assistant director of the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York, succeeding Sir Caspar Purdon Clarke as director in 1910. He prepared catalogues and contributed many articles on art and archaeological subjects for magazines. He was a mem- ber of many learned societies. ROBINSON, EDWIN ARLINGTON, an American author and poet, born at Head Tide, Me., in 1869. He studied at Harvard University and became a mem- ber of the National Institute of Arts and Letters through the general recognition of intellectual sincerity and positive American spirit and theme that appeared alike in his plays and published poems. His first publication was "The Torrent of the Night Before," brought out in 1896. Since then he has published "The Chil- dren of the Night"; "Captain Craig"; "Van Zorn," a play, and "The Man against the Sky," and "Merlin," both poems. ROBINSON, JAMES HARVEY, an American writer and lecturer, born in Bloomington, 111., in 1863. He graduated from Harvard University in 1887 and took post-graduate studies in Germany. He was lecturer on European history at the University of Pennsylvania in 1891, and from 1892 to 1919 he was associate professor and professor of history at Co- lumbia University. From 1919 he acted as organizer and lecturer of the New School for Social Research. He was the editor of the Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, and an associate editor of the "American Historical Review." His historical writ- ings include "Readings in European His- tory" (1904-5); "The Development of Modern Europe" (1907) ; "The New His- tory" (1911); and "Mediaeval and Mod- ern Times" (1915). ROBINSON, JOSEPH TAYLOR, an American lawyer and legislator. He was born at Lonoke, Ark., in 1872, and was educated in the public schools and the University of Arkansas. He studied law and was admitted to the bar in 1895, beginning to practice at Lonoke. In 1895 he became a member of the General As- JOSEPH TAYLOR ROBINSON sembly and in 1896 was nominated pres- idential elector on the Democratic ticket, but retired at the request of the Demo- cratic National Committee in the interest of fusion to make room for Populists. He was presidential elector in 1900 and electoral messenger in 1901. He repre- sented the sixth Arkansas district in Con- gress 1903-13, resigning in the last year, to be inaugurated as Governor of Arkan-
