RTJTLEDGE 162 RYAN sion of hostilities, he resumed the prac- tice of law in Charleston; and was elected governor of South Carolina in 1798. He died in Charleston, S. C, Jan. 23, 1800. RTJTLEDGE, JOHN, an American jurist, brother of Edward; born in Charleston, S. C, in 1739. He was a member of the South Carolina conven- tion of 1774 that decided to take part in the Continental Congress, and a dele- gate to the latter body in 1775; chair- man of the committee that framed the South Carolina constitution in 1776, and elected that year president of the new State government and Commander-in- Chief of the militia. In 1778 he was again elected governor of South Caro- lina. In 1780, when Charleston was cap- tured by the British, he retired to North Carolina, joining Greene's army; but resumed the governorship at the close of the war. In 1782 he was elected to Congress, and re-elected in 1783. He was a member of the convention that framed the Constitution of the United States. In July, 1795, he was appointed by Washington Chief Justice of the Su- preme Court and served the August term of that year; but his mental faculties failing, he was not confirmed by the Senate in December. He died in Charles- ton, July 23, 1800. RTJVO DI PTTGLIA, a town in the province of Bari, Italy, 20 miles W. of the city of Bari, famous for its pro- duction of potteries, and as a center of a fertile region producing grains and fruit. Pop. about 25,000. RUWENZORI, a chain of mountains in Central Africa, slightly N. of the equator, discovered by Henry Stanley in 1888, when he rescued Emin Pasha. Some of the higher peaks have an alti- tude of 16,000 feet and are covered by perpetual snow, while many of the val- leys are packed with glaciers. The main chain lies two hundred miles west of Victoria Nyanza, between Albert Nyanza and Edward Nyanza, extending into the Belgian Congo. RUYSDAEL, or RTJISDAEL, JAKOB, a Dutch landscape painter; born in Haar- lem, Holland, about 1625. In 1648 he was enrolled a member of the guild of St. Luke at Haarlem, and in 1659 was granted the freedom of the city of Am- sterdam. His works are very picturesque in detail. He had a fine feeling for the poetic spirit of nature, which he em- bodies with great skill. His pictures exist in Dresden, Berlin (probably the two best collections), the Louvre, the Lon- don National Gallery, Amsterdam, and The Hague. He left a few etchings, which are highly prized. He died in the almshouse of Haarlem, March 14, 1682. RUYTER (roi'ter), MICHIEL ADRI- AANSZOON DE, a Dutch naval officer; born in Flushing, Holland, March 24, 1607. From the situation of cabin boy he rose to the rank of captain in the Dutch navy in 1635, and rear-admiral in 1645. He defeated and sunk an Algerine pirate squadron in 1647. He distinguished him- self in the war with England and in the service of Denmark. In 1667, sailing up the Thames he destroyed the English shipping and burned several men-of-war. His victories led to the peace of Breda. After fighting the French fleet in the Mediterranean, he retreated to the har- bor of Syracuse, Sicily, where he died of his wounds, April 29, 1676. RTJZSKY, NICOLAS VLADIMIRO- VITCH, a Russian soldier, horn about 1853. He was educated at a military academy in St. Petersburg, and when but 18 years of age served in the Tur- kish War in the Grenadier Guards. He was made a colonel at 31 and a major- general at 42. He served as chief of staff in the Second Manchurian Army during the Russo-Japanese War in 1904- 1905. He afterward became a member of the Army Council and commanded an army corps. At the outbreak of the World War he commanded the Russian forces which won a great victory over four Austrian army corps near Lemberg, in September, 1914. In 1915 he com- manded the Russian forces near Riga, and his exertions so undermined his health, that he died in the same year. RYAN, JAMES, American Roman Cath- olic bishop, born, 1848, in Thurles co., Tip- perary, Ireland. He was brought to the United States in childhood and was edu- cated to the priesthood in the seminaries of St. Joseph, and St. Thomas. He was professor in St. Joseph's Seminary, and afterward served as pastor in several churches. He was consecrated bishop of Alton, 111., in 1888. " RYAN, MARAH ELLIS, an American novelist, born in Butler co., Pennsylvania, in 1866. Her novels, chiefly of southern scenes, include "Told in the Hills" (1890) ; "The Bond-Woman" (1899); "Indian Love Letters" (1907) ; "The Woman of the Twilight" (1913) ; "The House of the Dawn' ? (1914) ; and "Treasure Trail" (1919). RYAN, PATRICK JOHN, an Amer- ican Roman Catholic prelate; born in Thurles, Ireland, Feb. 20, 1831. He was ordained deacon in 1853, completing his studies in St. Louis, Mo., and raised to the priesthood in 1854. In 1872 was
