SALISBURY 210 SALISBURY Wiltshire, and a Parliamentary and mu- nicipal borough; in a valley near the con- fluence of the rivers Avon, Bourne, Wily, and Nadder, 84 miles W. S. W. of London. The plan of the city is very regular. Water originally ran through most of the streets, but the streams were covered over after the visitation of the cholera in 1849. The removal from Old Sarum took place in 1220, when the foundations of the new cathedral were laid. It was finally dedicated in 1266. The cathedral consists of a nave of 10 bays, choir, and Lady Chapel, with two aisles, and two transepts, each having a single aisle toward the E., the ground-plan being in the form of a double cross. The whole building is a perfect example of pure Early English style. The spire is the highest in England (406 feet), and leans 27% inches toward the S. The cathedral was restored by James Wyatt in 1782- 1791, and again, beginning in 1863, by Sir Gilbert Scott, Mr. Street, and Sir Arthur Blomfield. There is a curious muniment room over the vestry contain- ing a copy of the Magna Charta of King John. The library, built about 1450, is over the E. side of the cloisters, and con- tains about 5,000 volumes and many val- uable MSS. The outside measurements of the cathedral are: Length 473 feet, width 111 feet; the height of the nave and choir inside is 81 feet. The cathedral stands apart from any other building in the midst of a beautiful close within which stand the bishop's palace, an ir- regular building begun by Bishop Richard Poore (about 1220) and added to by many of his successors. The parish churches are St. Martin's, St. Thomas of Canter- bury, a handsome Perpendicular building of the 15th century, and St. Edmund of Canterbury. The other notable buildings are the council house; the county hall; the infirmary; the "Hall of John Halle" and Audley House, two fine examples of 15th-century domestic architecture; St. Nicholas' Hospital; and the Blackmore Museum, which contains one of the finest collections of prehistoric antiquities in England, the collection from America being probably unrivaled anywhere. The market-place contains statues of the late Lord Herbert of Lea (Sidney Herbert) and Professor Fawcett, who was a native of the city. Here the Duke of Bucking- ham was beheaded in 1483, when Salis- bury was the headquarters of Richard III. The city chiefly depends on its agri- cultural trade, the former manufactures of cutlery and woolens being extinct. Pop. about 21,500. John of Salisbury was the confidential adviser of Becket. Margaret, Countess of Salisbury, was the mother of Cardinal Pole. The most notable bishops of Old Sarum were St. Osmund and Bishop Roger; of New Sarum, Hallam (whose death at the Council of Constance, 1417, is regarded by Dean Milman as fatal to many really effective reforms in the Church), Cardinal Campeggio, Jewell, Seth Ward (founder of the Royal So- ciety), Burnet, Hoadley, Sherlock, Doug- las, Burgess, Denison, Hamilton, and Moberly. Pox the martyrologist, Hooker, Fuller, Pearson, Isaac Barrow, Joseph Butler, and Liddon have been canons of the cathedral, where George Herbert was a frequent worshiper. Among distin- guished natives and residents have been Massinger, William and Henry Lawes, Chiffinch (the chief agent in the intrigues of Charles II.), Harris, the philologist, Chubb "the Deist," and Henry Fawcett. Fielding resided at one time in the close, and Joseph Addison was educated at the grammar school. SALISBURY, ROBERT ARTHUR TALBOT GASCOYNE- CECIL, THIRD MARQUIS OF, an English statesman; born in Hatfield, Herts, England, Feb. 3, 1830; was educated at Eton and Ox- ford. As Lord Robert Cecil he entered Parliament as member for Stamford in 1853. and gradually made his way till MARQUIS OF SALISBURY in 1866, on the formation of Lord Derby's third administration, he was appointed secretary of state for India. In 1865 he became Lord Cranborne and heir to the marquisate on the death of his elder brother. Owing to differences of opinion on the subject of the franchise he retired from the ministry, but on the death of his father in 1868 and his consequent
