SALVE 219 SALZBURG Christmas dinners are provided for the poor and needy. Evangeline Booth is the Commander-in-Chief in the United States. The international offices are in London, England. William Bramwell Booth, eld- est son of the founder, is general of the entire organization. During the World War the very extensive welfare work for soldiers and sailors and their families, undertaken both at the fronts and at home, was notably successful. See Re- lief, War. SALVE, that which saves, mitigates, relieves, or preserves; a help; a remedy; an aid; an antidote; as, heavy damages proved a salve to his dishonor. Also an adhesive composition ; a substance applied to heal, mollify, or relieve wounds or sores; an unguent; an ointment; a plas- ter. SALVIA, sage; the typical genus of the Salvidse. Calyx two-lipped; stamens two, forked. Undershrubs or herbs, wide- ly distributed. Known speeies about 400, many of them very showy, flowering plants, cultivated in gardens or in green- houses. S. officinalis, of which there are many varieties, is the common sage, a well-known culinary herb (see Sage). It is a feeble tonic and astringent and an efficient aromatic. S. grandiflora is also culinary. The galls of S. pomifera are eaten in Candia, as are the stalks of S. moorcroftiana in the Himalayas. The root is used in cough, the seeds as an emetic, and the leaves as a medicine in guinea-worm and itch, or as a poultice to wounds. The seeds of S. plebeia and S. pumila, also Indian species, are given in gonorrhoea, etc. SALVINI, TOMMASO, an Italian tragedian; born in Milan, Jan. 1, 1830. His father and mother were both ac- tors; he was trained under Modena, a distinguished player; and became well known as a member of Ristori's com- pany. In 1849 he fought with distinction in the revolutionary war; and returning to the stage played with eminent success as (Edipus in a play written for Salvini by Nicolini, and as Saul in ,Alfieri's drama. In Paris he played in these, in Racine's plays, and as Shakespeare's Othello — the part with which he is iden- tified in the minds of English playgoers. He scored successes in Brussels and Ma- drid, and visited the United States in 1874, England in 1875, with as great eclat. But after another visit to the United States in 1890, he retired from the stage to enjoy a life of earned leisure in his villa near Florence. Among his most striking parts were — besides Othello — Hamlet, Macbeth, and Lear. He died in 1916. SAL VOLATILE, carbonate of am- monia. The name is also applied to a spirituous solution of carbonate of am- monia flavored with aromatics. SALWIN, SALWEEN, or SALWEN, a river of Burma with a general N. and S. course parallel to the Irrawady, rising in southwestern China, and falling into the Indian Ocean (Gulf of Martaban), the towns of Martaban, Moulmein, and Amherst being at or near its mouth. The river course is interrupted by rocks and rapids, but vessels of the largest size can reach Moulmein. Vast quantities of teak are annually floated down the Salwin and shipped at Moulmein for export. The area of the Salwin basin is 62,700 square miles; the river is 1,750 miles in length, and from 1 to 4 miles in breadth. SALZBRUNN, a group of three vil- lages (New, Lower, and Upper Salz- brunn) in Silesia; 30 miles S. W. of Bres- lau; having eight mineral springs, which attract many visitors in the season. The water is alkalo-saline ; it is extensively exported. There are glass and porcelain factories, yarn-spinning works, brick works, and coal mines. SALZBURG-, a city of Austria, capital of the province of Salzburg, pictur- esquely situated on both banks of the rapid Salza, which is here hemmed in between two isolated hills, 73 miles S. E. of Munich. It is partly walled, and has several handsome squares and streets, or- namental grounds, park, and river prom- enades. The principal edifices are the cathedral (1614-1668) built in imitation of St. Peter's, Rome, several other churches; the archbishop's palace (now belonging to the town), former imperial palace, exchange, museum, and several benevolent institutions. It was the births place of Mozart, and there is a bronze statue of the composer by Schwanthaler. There is a theological college, and other high-class educational institutions, exten- sive libraries, etc. The manufactures be- fore the World War were not individually of importance. The town was the see of a bishop in the 7th century, which in 798 was raised to an archbishopric. The Bishops of Salzburg were princes of the German empire, and held the position of sovereigns over the archbishopric till it was secularized in 1802. Pop. about 37,- 300. The province of Salzburg, area 2,767 square miles, is a mountainous country, intersected by numerous valleys, chiefly pastoral, but in many of them much corn and fruit are raised. Wood is abundant, and the minerals, which are very valuable, include gold, silver, lead, copper, cobalt, iron, salt, and marble. Pop. about 219,000.
