RHINELANDER 19 RHINOCEROS Netherlands, 2,150 feet. Its depth va- ries from 5 to 28 feet, and at Diissel- dorf amounts even to 50 feet. It abounds with fish, especially pike, carp, and other white fish, but the produce of its salmon fisheries has been seriously interfered with since the introduction of steam ves- sels. It is navigable without interrup- tion from Basel to its mouth, a distance of 550 miles. The Rhine anciently formed the boun- dary between the Roman empire and the Teutonic hordes. After the partition of the domains of Charlemagne in 843 it lay within the German empire for nearly 800 years. France long cast covetous eyes on the Rhine, and the Peace of Westphalia in 1648 gave her a footing on the left bank. In 1801 the whole of the left bank of the Rhine was for- mally ceded to France. The Congress of Vienna in 1815 restored part of the Rhenish valley to Germany, and the ces- sion by France of Alsace and Lorraine after the war of 1870-1871 made the Rhine once more German, until the Peace Treaty of Versailles (1919) gave these provinces once more to France. (See World War.) The Rhine is dis- tinguished by the beauty of its scenery, which attracts many tourists. For a large part of its course it has hills on both sides at less or greater distances. Pleasant towns and villages lie nestled at the foot; above them rise rocky steeps and slopes clothed at one time with vines, at others with natural wood, and every now and then the castles and fastnesses of feudal times are seen frowning from precipices apparently inaccessible. The finest part for scenery is between Bin- gen and Bonn; after entering Holland the views are generally tame and unin- teresting. RHINELANDER, a city of Wisconsin, the county-seat of Oneida co. It is on the Wisconsin river, and on the Chicago and Northwestern and the Minneapolis, St. Paul, and Sault Ste. Marie railroads. The city is the center of an important lumber- ing region and its industries include saw mills, paper mills, iron works, etc. Pop. (1910) 5,637; (1920) 6,654. RHINELANDER, PHILIP MERCER, an American Protestant Episcopal bishop, born at Newport, R. I., in 1869. He was educated at Harvard and Oxford uni- versities and became a deacon of the Prot- estant Episcopal Church in 1896, and a priest in 1897. After some years of active parish work in Washington, D. C, he became professor of ecclesiastical his- tory, homiletics, and Christian evidences at Berkeley Divinity School, Middletown, Conn., in 1903, and professor of history of religion and missions at the Episcopal Theological School, Cambridge, Mass., in 1907. In 1911, he was consecrated co- adjutor bishop of Pennsylvania, becoming bishop of the same diocese in November PHILIP MERCER RHINELANDER of that year. He received honorary de- grees from the Episcopal Theological School of Cambridge, Mass., Philadelphia Divinity School, Columbia University, and the University of Pennsylvania. RHINE WINES, the general designa- tion of the wines produced in the region watered by the Rhine, and specifically for those of the Rheingau, the white wine3 of which are the finest in the world. The red wines are not so much esteemed, being considered inferior to those of Bordeaux. Good wines are also produced in the val- leys of the Neckar, Moselle, and other tributaries of the Rhine. The vineyards are mainly between Mannheim and Bonn, and the most valuable brands of wines are those of Johannisberg, Steinberg, Hochheim, Rudesheim, Rauenthal, Mar- kobrunn, and Assmannshausen, the last being a red wine. RHINITIS, nasal catarrh. In an acute form it is commonly known as a "cold in the head," and it is caused by bacilli attacking the mucous membrane of the nose when the resistance is lowered by cold or by mechanical irritants. Some chronic cases are caused by reflex irri- tation, resulting from over-stimulated sexual organs. Rhinitis is also a symp- tom of measles and occasionally accom- panies other infectious diseases such as diphtheria or scarlet fever. RHINOCEROS, (1) the sole recent genus of the family Rhinocerotidse. It falls naturally into three sections, which some zoologists raise to the rank of genera.
