SCBIPTTJBE 304 SCTJDDER which include novels as well as plays. Among his best-known plays are : "Valeria" (1822); "The Glass of Water" (1840); "Adrienne Lecouvreur" (1849) ;"The Queen of Navarre (1850) ; "The Ladies' Battle" (1851) ; and "Fairy Fingers" (1858) : the last three with Legouve. He also wrote "Fra Diavolo," "Robert the Devil," "The Huguenots," "The Prophet," "La Favorita," and many other well-known librettos. He died in Paris, Feb. 20, 1861. SCBIPTTJBE, EDWAED WHEELEB, an American psychologist; born in Ma- son, N. H., May 21, 1864; was graduated at the College of the City of New York in 1884; pursued special studies abroad; returned to the United States and was made director of the psychological labora- tory of Yale University. He was lec- turer at Johns Hopkins in 1906, and lecturer on psychiatry at Columbia in 1909. His investigations resulted in sev- eral important discoveries, including a method of producing ansesthesia by elec- tricity, a method of measuring hallucina- tions and imaginations, and the law of "mediate association of ideas." He also invented a color-sight tester by which color-weak or color-blind persons em- ployed in lamp batteries, marine or rail- road service, can be detected. His publi- cations include: "Thinking, Feeling, Do- ing" (1895); "The New Psychology" (1897) ; "Introduction to Experimental Phonetics" (1906), etc. SCBOFTJLA ("king's evil"), a tedious disease, tubercular in its nature, one of the most characteristic marks of which is a tendency to swelling of the glandu- lar parts, which sometimes suppurate, and discharge a curdy, mixed matter, and are very difficult to heal. The persons in whom scrofulous disease is most apt to manifest itself are marked during childhood by pale and pasty complexions, large heads, narrow chests, protuberant bellies, soft and flabby muscles, and a languid and feeble circulation. It, how- ever, often accompanies a variety of the sanguineous temperament also, and is in- dicated by light or red hair, gray or blue eyes, with large and sluggish pupils, and long, silky lashes, a fair, transparent brilliancy of skin, and rosy cheeks. This red color is, however, easily changed by cold to purple or livid, and the extremi- ties are subject to chilblains. It is fre- quent, also, though less common, in what is called the melancholic or bilious tem- perament, i. e., in persons of dark, muddy complexion and harsh skin, in whom the mental and bodily energies are more slug- gish and dull. It is one of those diseases that are in a very marked degree heredi- tary. Among the exciting causes are in- sufficient nutriment, exposure to wet and cold, impurity of the atmosphere, the want of natural exercise, and mental dis- quietude. Climate exercises a very marked influence upon it. A moist, cold, and variable climate is particularly fav- orable to its development, while on the other hand a hot or a very cold climate protects against it. It usually manifests itself in indolent glf ndular tumors, frequently in the neck, at first free from pain and inflammation, but proceeding slowly to an inflammatory state, and gradually and generally, after a long time, forming an ulcer, which is extremely difficult to heal. In some cases the eyes and eyelids are the principal seat of the disease, having constantly a very inflamed aspect. The bones of scrofulous persons are also liable to disease, espe- cially those of the spine. The lungs are particularly liable to attack in such cases, giving rise to the formation of tubercles in that organ which is so marked a fea- ture in phthisis. SCTJDDEB, HOBACE ELISHA, an American author; born in Boston, Mass., Oct. 16, 1838. From 1890-1898 he was editor of the "Atlantic Monthly." He published: "Seven Little Peoole and Their Friends"; "Dream Children"; "Stories from my Attic"; "Stories and Romances"; "Boston Town"; "Life of Noah Web- ster"; "A Short History of the United States"; "A History of the United States"; "Fables and Folk Stories"; "George Washington: An Historical Bi- ography"; "Men and Letters"; "The Bod- ley Books"; "Life of Bayard Taylor"; "Recollections of Samuel Breck"; "Litera- ture in School"; "The Children's Book," etc. He died in 1902. SCTJDDEB, SAMUEL HTJBBABD, an American naturalist; born in Boston, Mass., April 13, 1837; was graduated at Williams College in 1857 and at the Law- rence Scientific School in 1862; was as- sistant to Prof. Louis Agassiz at the Cambridge Museum of Comparative Zool- ogy in 1862-1864; secretary of the Boston Society of Natural History in 1862-1870; and its president in 1880-1887. He was palaeontologist of the United States Geo- logical Survey in 1886-1892. His publi- cations include: "A Century of Orthop- tera" (1879) ; "Catalogue of the Scientific Serials of All Countries" (1879) "Butter- flies, Their Structure, Changes, and Life Histories" (1881) ; "Butterflies of the Eastern United States and Canada" (1889) ; "Catalogue of the Described Orthoptera of the United States and Canada" (1900) ; etc. He died in 1911. SCTJDDEB, VIDA DTJTTON, an Amer- ican educator and writer, born in southern
