SHAW UNIVERSITY 377 SHEARWATER and also of the Bank of Manilla, la. He first became prominent in politics in 1896, where he came out strongly for William McKinley, and soon acquired a high repu- tation as a public speaker. He was elected governor of Iowa for the terms of 1898-1900 and 1900-1902; and was chairman of the International Monetary Conference in Indianapolis, Ind., in 1898. He resigned the office of governor in 1902 to succeed Lyman J. Gage as Secretary of the United States Treasury Depart- ment. He retired in 1913, to engage in the banking business. SHAW UNIVERSITY, a coeducational institution in Raleigh, N. C, for colored students; founded in 1865 under the aus- pices of the Baptist Church; reported at the close of 1919 : Professors and instruc- tors, 23 ; students, 464 ; president, Charles F. Meserve, LL. D. SHAWL, a garment of high antiquity. Even the elaborately wrought and beau- tiful shawls of India and Persia have been continuously made from an early time. Kashmere shawls are made of a very fine material called pashm or pash- mina, consisting of the inner or under- wool of the shawl goat of Tibet. At Paisley in Scotland, for many years previous to 1860 the manufacture of shawls was of great importance. They were made of silk, wool, or cotton, either separately or in combination; but the best-known class of Paisley shawls was manufactured of fine wool and with pat- terns in the style of those woven in Kashmere. Soon after the middle of the century, however, the manufacture be- gan to decline. Tartan shawls are still made at several places in Scotland. Shawls are now manufactured in most European countries, in the United States and the East. SHAWNEE, a city of Oklahoma, in Pottawatomie co. It is on the Atchison, Topeka, and Santa Fe, the Chicago, Rock Island, and Pacific, and the Missouri, Kansas, and Texas railroads. It has rail- road shops, cotton gins, oil mills, etc. It is the seat of the Baptist University and the Catholic University. Pop. (1910) 12,474; (1920) 15,348. SHAWNEE INDIANS, a tribe of American Indians of the Algonquin fam- ily, formerly settled mainly in New York, Pennsylvania, and Ohio, but driven W. by the Iroquois. They helped the French against the English, gave trouble to the newly-founded United States, and in 1812 some bands joined the English. They afterward removed to Missouri, Kansas, and Indian Territory. SHAYS, DANIEL, an American in- surgent; born in Hopkinton, Mass., in 1747; served as ensign at the battle of Bunker Hill, and attained the rank of captain in the Continental army. He took a leading part in the popular move- ment in western Massachusetts for the redress of alleged grievances, appearing before Springfield, Mass., at the head of 1,000 men to prevent the session of the Supreme Court at that place, and com- manding the rebel party at Pellham and at the engagement with the militia at Petersham. After the rebellion was put down, however, he was pardoned by the government and later, in his old age, was allowed a pension for his services during the Revolutionary War. He died vt Sparta, N. Y., Sept. 29, 1825. SHEA, the Bassia butyracea of botan- ists, is a native of tropical Asia and Africa. The trunk of this tree, when pierced, yields a copious milky juke, and shea or vegetable butter is found in the nuts when crushed. SHEARTAILS (Thaumastura) , a genus of humming birds, of which the slender sheartail (T. enicura) and Cora's shear- tail (T. Cora) are two familiar species. These birds occur, the former in Central America generally; the latter in Peru and in the Andes valleys. They derive their name from the elongation of the two central tail feathers of the males. SHEARWATER, the name of several marine birds of the genus Puffinus. The greater shearwater (P. cinereus), which is 18 inches long, is found on the S. W. GREATER SHEARWATER coasts of England and Wales. They fly rapidly, skimming over the sea, from which they pick up small fishes, mollusks, etc. The name is sometimes applied to the scissor-bill or skimmer (Rhynchops nigra).
