SHINGKING 397 SHIP SHINGKING, or SHENGKING, or FENGTIEN, a province of Manchuria. Its area is 56,000 square miles, and though smaller than the other provinces of Man- churia, it is the richest and most im- portant. It contains the Shan-a-lin mountains and the rivers Liao, Tayang, belief of the people of Japan prior to the introduction of Buddhism from Korea in A. D. 552. The new belief almost en- quent exhibitor in general exhibitions, and has also, at various times, held exhibi- tions of his own work exclusively. SHINTO, from a Chinese word, mean- ing the way of the gods, the religious and Yalu Kiang. The industries are agriculture, cattle-raising, and mining. Tobacco, opium, wheat, millet, cotton, and oil are among the products. There are good roads and two railways. Chief ports : Port Arthur (q. v.), Talienwan, and New- chwang (q. v.). Capital, Mukden. Japan- ese influence succeeded Russian in the province in 1905. Pop. about 5,500,000. SHINGLES, a popular name for an eruptive skin disease, Herpes zoster, which usually starts from the backbone and goes half round the body, forming a belt of inflamed patches with clustered vesicles. It is sometimes produced by sudden exposure to cold after violent ex- ercise, and sometimes follows acute af- fections of the respiratory organs. It is a self -limited or cyclical disease, usually running its course in about a fortnight. SHINN, CHARLES HOWARD, an American forester, born in Austin, Tex., in 1852. He was educated at the Univer- sity of California, and Johns Hopkins University. From 1879 to 1889 he taught school and engaged in newspaper and magazine work in San Francisco, Balti- more, and New York. In 1902 he became agent and expert of the United States Bureau of Forestry, and successively served as head forest ranger, Department of the Interior; supervisor of the Sierra* tirely absorbed the old, being, however, itself modified in the process. Shinto possesses no moral code. Motoori (1730- 1801) maintained that the will of the Mikado was the criterion of right and wrong. Shinto holds the Mikado to be the direct descendant and representative of the Sun goddess; has associated with it a system of hero worship, and attri- butes spiritual agencies to the powers of nature. Also, a Shintoist. SHIOGOON, or TYCOON, the title of the hereditary military ruler of Japan for many centuries till the revolution of 1868, which reinstated the Mikado in power. See Japan. SHIP, in the most general sense, a vessel intended for navigating the ocean. In contradistinction to boat, which is the most general term for a navigable ves- sel, it signifies a vessel intended for dis- tant voyages. Ships are of various sizes, and fitted for various uses, and receive various names, according to their rig and the purposes to which they are applied, as man-of-war ships, transports, mer- chantmen, barks, brigs, schooners, lug- Igers, sloops, xebecs, galleys, etc. The |name as descriptive of a particular rig, and as roughly implying a certain size, National Forest, California; and forest !has been used to desipate a vessel fur examiner, district five. He was a member of various domestic and foreign arbori- cultural and horticultural societies. He published, besides many papers, reports, articles, and monographs on forestry, social science, and literary topics, "Land Laws of Mining Districts" (1884) ; "Min- ing Camps" (1885) ; "Co-operation on the Pacific Coast" (1888) ; "Story of a Mine" (1890). He also acted as associate edi- tor of Bailey's Standard Cyclopaedia of American Horticulture" (6 volumes). SHINN, EVERETT, an American artist, born in Woodstown, N. J., in 1873. He studied art at the Pennsylvania Acad- emy of Fine Arts, Philadelphia, and in Paris, where he was influenced chiefly by Degas. At first devoting himself to work- ing in pastel colors, he later gained rapid recognition for his mural paintings and magazine illustrations. The most im- portant of the former are to be found in the Trenton, N. J., city hall, in several New York City theaters, and in numer- ous private residences. He was a fre- Z— Cyc nished with a bowsprit and three or four masts, each of which is composed of a lower mast, a top mast, and a top-gallant mast, and carrying a certain number of square sails on each of the masts. These masts are named, beginning with the foremost, the fore, the main, and mizzen masts; and when there is a fourth it is called the jigger mast. The principal sails are named according to the masts to which they belong. There were two primitive types of ship- building from one or other of which, or rather perhaps from a joint development of both, all the improvements of modern times have proceeded. These were the raft and the canoe. In like manner there have been from time immemorial two distinct modes of propulsion, by oars and sails. The ancient art of ship-building, like many other arts, was lost in the over- whelming tide of barbarism which over- threw the last of the great empires of antiquity. Shipbuilding made little progress in Vol 8
