SIMNEL 435 SIMONY SIMNEL, LAMBERT, an impostor who was put forward by a party of mal- content leaders of the York faction early in the reign of Henry VII. He was trained to personate Edward Plantage- net, Earl of Warwick, son of the mur- dered Duke of Clarence. Simnel was crowned at Dublin, and landed with his followers in Lancashire. They were to- tally defeated near Newark, June 16, 1487, when most of the leaders in the recent rebellion perished. Simnel ended his days as a domestic in the royal serv- ice. SIMON, SIB JOHN (Allsebrook), a British lawyer and public official; born in 1873. He was educated at Fettes Col- lege, Edinburgh, and Wadham College, Oxford, and was president of the Oxford Union Society in 1896. He became one SIR JOHN SIMON of the counsel for the British Government in the Alaska Boundary Arbitration in 1903, and chairman of the Departmental Committee on Street Trading in 1909. In 1910 he was a member of the Royal Commission on Justices of the Peace and solicitor-general in 1910-13; attorney- general, 1913-15; home secretary, 1915- 16; major in the air force in France, 1917-18. SIMON, JULES FRANCOIS, a French statesman; born in Lorient, Morbihan, Brittany, Dec. 27, 1814; was a disciple of Victor Cousin, the great French phi- losopher, and when 25 years of age suc- ceeded him in the chair of philosophy at the Sorbonne. After the revolution of 1848 he was elected to the assembly from the C6tes-du-Nord, taking a seat with the Moderate Left. In March, 1849, he was elected to the Council of State, and re- signed his seat as deputy in April, to devote himself to lectures and the editing of "La Liberte de Penser." In 1863 he was elected to the Corps Legislatif , where he served till the fall of the empire, when he was placed with Thiers and Gambetta at the head of the provisional govern- ment, whose affairs he administered dur- ing the siege. From the conclusion of peace in 1871 till the fall of Thiers he was prominent in the Assembly at Bor- deaux and at Versailles, and in 1875 was elected a life senator. He was the senior representative of France at the Labor Congress of Berlin convoked by the Em- peror William II.; was made permanent secretary of the Academy of Moral and Political Sciences in 1882, and from 1875 was a member of the French Academy. He died in Paris, France, June 8, 1896. SIMONDS, FRANK HERBERT, an American journalist and newspaper edi- tor, born in Concord, Mass., in 1878. Af- ter graduating from Harvard, he went as correspondent to Porto Rico during the Spanish-American War. Afterward he became a reporter on the staff of the New York "Tribune," where he remained until he was sent to Albany as legisla- tive reporter for this paper. In 1905 he joined the staff of the New York "Evening Post," with which he remained until 1908 when he joined the editorial staff of the New York "Morning Sun." In 1913 he became editor of the New York "Evening Sun," which position he held until he took charge of the editorial page of the "Tribune," in 1915. Mr. Simonds attracted general attention by his able military and political articles during the World War, his expert knowl- edge of politics in southern Europe bring- ing him to the notice of European states- men. He is the author of "They Shall Not Pass — Verdun, 1916"; "History of the World War" (5 vols.), 1917. SIMONY (so called from its resem- blance to the sin of Simon Magus), in English law, an offense consisting in the presentation to an ecclesiastical benefice for a reward. By 31 Eliz. c. 6, a simonia- cal presentation is declared void, and two years' value of the benefice forfeited, one- half of the forfeit to go to the crown, the other half to the person suing; and the person accepting the benefice is forever debarred from holding it. An act of
