SNOWDEN 472 SNUFF SNOV/DEN, JAMES HENRY, an American theologian, born at Hookstown, Pa., in 1852. He was educated at Wash- ington and Jefferson College and at the Western Theological Seminary. After having been ordained a Presbyterian min- ister in 1879, he served as pastor of churches in Huron, Ohio, Sharon, Pa., and Washington, Pa., until 1911 when he became professor of systematic theology at Western Theological Seminary, Alle- gheny, Pa. From 1898 to 1917 he was editor-in-chief of the "Presbyterian Ban- ner." He wrote: "Scenes and Sayings in the Life of Christ" (1903) ; "A Summer Across the Sea" (1908) ; "The World a Spiritual System — An Outline of Meta- phvsics" (1910) ; "The Basal Beliefs of Christianity" (1911) ; "The City of Twelve Gates" (1916); "The Psychology of Religion" (1917) ; "Can We Believe in Immortality?" (1918) ; "The Coming of the Lord" (1919) ; "Is the World Grow- ing Better?" (1919) ; "A Wonderful Night" (1919). SNOWDON, a mountain range in North Wales; stretching N. N. E. to S. S. W. across Carnarvonshire from the mouth of the Conway to Tremadoc; length, about 24 miles; average breadth, 6 miles. It attains its greatest height in Snowdon proper, whose loftiest summit — Wyddva, 3,571 feet — is the culminating point of South Britain. SNOWDROP, a well-known garden plant of the genus Galanthus; G. nivalis, natural order Amwryllidacese. It bears solitary, drooping, and elegant white flowers, which appear early in spring. It is a native of the Alps, but is quite common in gardens in the northern United States. SNOWSHOE, a light frame made of bent wood and interlacing thongs, used tread of the shoe is formed of strips of raw-hide, hard twisted twine, or, among the Indians, of deer-sinews. In use the toe is placed beneath the strap and the foot rests on the thongs; as the heel rises in walking, the snow shoe is not raised, but as the foot is lifted, the toe elevates the forward end of the snowshoe, which is then dragged along on the snow as the leg is advanced. They are usually from three to four feet in length, and a foot to 18 inches broad in the middle. See Ski. SNOWY OWL, in ornithology, the Nyctea scandiaca, a native of the N. of Europe and America, visiting and breed- ing in the Orkney and Shetland Islands. In old birds the plumage is pure white, but in younger and adult birds each feather is tipped with dark brown or black. The length of the adult male is about 20 inches, that of the female four or five inches more. It flies by day and preys on the smaller mammalia and on various birds which it is able to capture. SNOWY RIVER, a river of Australia, in New South Wales and Victoria ; length, 240 miles, 160 of which are in New South Wales. SNUFF, a fragrant powdered prepara- tion of tobacco inhaled through the nose. It is made by grinding, in conical mortars or "mills" worked by power, the chopped leaves and stalks of tobacco in which fermentation has been induced by mois- ture and warmth in closed rooms. There are numerous varieties. Some, like the rappees, are moist; others, for example, the Irish and Welsh, are highly dried. A roasted Irish snuff called "Lundy Foot," or "Irish Blackguard," has wide repute for excellence. French rappee is superior to all others, and its manufac- ture has been brought to high perfection at the French Government factory. The FRAME TOE CENTER 4 TAYS vFILLER CROSS BAR SNOWSHOE to give the wearer a broader base of tobacco is subjected to two processes support when walking on snow. The of fermentation, whereby aroma and
