PART I.
OF THE LAW OF NATIONS.
LECTURE I.
OF THE FOUNDATION AND HISTORY OF THE LAW OF NATIONS.
When the United States ceased to be a part of the British empire, and assumed the character of an independent nation, they became subject to that system of rules which reason, morality, and custom had established among the civilized nations of Europe, as their public law. During the war of the American revolution, Congress claimed cognizance of all matters arising upon the law of nations, and they professed obedience to that law, “according to the general usages of Europe.”[1] By this law we are to understand that code of public instruction, which defines the rights and prescribes the duties of nations, in their intercourse with each other. The faithful observance of this law is essential to national character, and to the happiness of mankind. According to the observation of the President de Montesquieu,[2] it is founded on the principle, that different nations ought to do each other as much good in peace,
