Page:Congressional Government.djvu/363

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with Senate, 230 et seq.; really chosen by representative, deliberative body, 244; and legislative service divorced in U.S., 251-253; the President not all of the, 257; elements constituting the, in U.S., 259; functions bestowed upon the Secretaries, 260; and Congress, party diversity between, 267; Roger Sherman upon real character of, 268; and Congress, defective means of coöperation between, 270 et seq.; responsibility of, and civil service reform, 285 et seq.; suspected because not clearly visible through Congress, 299, 300; embarrassed by half-informed criticism, 305.
Expenditure, questions of, disconnected from questions of supply, 174, 175: supervision of, by Congress, 175-179.


Federal govt., the, early weakness and timidity of, 18, 19; growth in self-confidence and power of, 19, 20; first questions that engaged the attention of, 20; brought to every man’s door, 25: supervision of elections by, 27; highest point of aggression of, 33; advantage of indirect taxation to, 133; necessity for two chambers in, 221, 222; possible paralysis of, in emergencies, 282; rapidly widening sphere of, 316, 317; weakness of our present, 318.
Federal and state govts., balance between, 13; object of balance between, 14; early conditions of balance between, 15; Hamilton on balance between, 16, 17; present inefficacy of balance between, 17; balance between, destroyed by doctrine of “implied powers,” 23; balance between, dependent on federal judiciary, 24; balance between, prejudiced by internal improvements, 28, and by federal power over commerce, 30, 31; balance between, last pictured in “reconstruction,” 32, 33.
Federalist, the, quoted, 16, 17.
Ferry, M. Jules, 248.
Fillmore, President, 259.
Finance, loose govt. practices concerning, 130, 131; comparatively unembarrassed character of American, 135; necessity for responsibility in direction of, 135; shifting character of federal, 135, 136; number of Committees controlling, in Congress, 136; administration of, in England, 137-146; administration of, in U.S., 146 et seq., 280; Senate Committee on, 169; confusion of public opinion in regard to action of Congress upon, 280.
Financial, officials, accessibility of English, in the Commons, 146, 147; officials, separation of, from Congress in the U.S., 147; officials, mere witnesses in U.S., 164; officials, irresponsibility of, for estimates in U.S., 164; system of U.S. contrasted with that of Eng., 180; system of U.S., incoherency of, 180, 181: policy of Congress, shifting character of, 181, 182; legislation, prominent place of, in congressional business, 183; questions, control of, by Committees in Senate, 212, n.; questions, confusion of public opinion regarding action of Congress upon, 280.
Fish, Secretary, and treaty with Denmark, 51.
Foreign relations, principal concern of federal govt. during first quarter century, 43; hand of Senate in, 49 et seq., 232 et seq.; no real consultation between President and Senate concerning, 232; Senate Committee on, 234.
France, public accounts, how kept in, 145; Ministry, how chosen in, 244.
French Assembly, organization of, 123; parties in, 124; proceedings of, 125 et seq.; compared with House of Representatives and House of Commons, 127-129.
French Revolution, 20, 43.
Froude, J. A., on political orators, 215.


Gallatin, Albert, 181.
George III., 187, 308, 309.
Gladstone, Wm. E., 59; on direct and indirect taxes, 134; 209, 322. Government, by chairmen of Standing Committees, 102; by Standing Committees, contrasted with govt. by responsible Ministry, 116 et seq.; conditions of perfect party, 267, 268; “by declamation,” 318.
Grant, President, and treaty with