institution on the ground that it is under the management of a minority, whether based on religion or language. [1]
31. [Compulsory acquisition of property.]— Omitted by the Constitution (Forty-fourth Amendment) Act, 1978, s. 6 (w.e.f. 20-6-1979).
[2][Saving of Certain Laws]
[3][31A. Saving of laws providing for acquisition of estates, etc.—[4][(1) Notwithstanding anything contained in article 13, no law providing for—
- (a) the acquisition by the State of any estate or of any rights therein or the extinguishment or modification of any such rights, or
- (b) the taking over of the management of any property by the State for a limited period either in the public interest or in order to secure the proper management of the property, or
- (c) the amalgamation of two or more corporations either in the public interest or in order to secure the proper management of any of the corporations, or
- (d) the extinguishment or modification of any rights of managing agents, secretaries and treasurers, managing directors, directors or managers of corporations, or of any voting rights of shareholders thereof, or
- (e) the extinguishment or modification of any rights accruing by virtue of any agreement, lease or licence for the purpose of searching for, or winning, any mineral or mineral oil, or the premature termination or cancellation of any such agreement, lease or licence,
- shall be deemed to be void on the ground that it is inconsistent with, or takes away or abridges any of the rights conferred by [5][article 14 or article 19]:
Provided that where such law is a law made by the Legislature of a State, the provisions of this article shall not apply thereto unless such law, having been reserved for the consideration of the President, has received his assent:]
[6][Provided further that where any law makes any provision for the acquisition by the State of any estate and where any land comprised therein is held by a person under his personal cultivation, it shall not be lawful for the State to acquire any portion of such land as is within the ceiling limit applicable to him under any law for the time being in force or any building or structure standing thereon or appurtenant thereto, unless the law relating to the acquisition of such land, building or structure, provides for payment of compensation at a rate which shall not be less than the market value thereof.]
- (2) In this article,—
- [7][(a) the expression “estate” shall, in relation to any local area, have the same meaning as that expression or its local equivalent has in the existing law relating to land tenures in force in that area and shall also include—
- ↑ The sub-heading “Right to Property” omitted by the Constitution (Forty-fourth Amendment) Act, 1978, s. 5 (w.e.f. 20-6-1979).
- ↑ Ins. by the Constitution (Forty-second Amendment) Act, 1976, s. 3 (w.e.f. 3-1-1977).
- ↑ Ins. by the Constitution (First Amendment) Act, 1951, s. 4 (with retrospective effect).
- ↑ Subs. by the Constitution (Fourth Amendment) Act, 1955, s. 3, for cl. (1) (with retrospective effect).
- ↑ Subs. by the Constitution (Forty-fourth Amendment) Act, 1978, s. 7 for “article 14, article 19 or article 31” (w.e.f. 20-6-1979).
- ↑ Ins. by the Constitution (Seventeenth Amendment) Act, 1964, s. 2 (w.e.f. 20-6-1964).
- ↑ Subs. by ibid., for sub-clause (a) (with retrospective effect).
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