Article 51
- (1) The duration of a copyright shall begin at the time of the creation of the work.
- (2) Unless otherwise provided in this Section, the copyright shall continue to subsist until the end of the fifty year period following the death of the author (or in the case of a work of joint authorship, following the death of the last surviving co-author; the same shall apply in paragraph (1) of the next Article).
(Term of protection for anonymous or pseudonymous works)
Article 52
- (1) The copyright in an anonymous or pseudonymous work shall continue to subsist until the end of the fifty year period following the making public of the work; provided, however, that if the fifty year period following the death of the work's author is found to have ended before the expiration of said fifty year period following the making public of the work, then the copyright in such work shall be deemed to expire at the time found to be the end of the fifty year period following the death of said work's author.
- (2) The provisions of the preceding paragraph shall not apply in any of the following cases:
- (i) where the pseudonym adopted by the author with respect to a pseudonymous work is widely known as that of the author;
- (ii) where, within the period set forth in the preceding paragraph, the author causes his true name to be registered pursuant to the provisions of Article 75, paragraph (1);
- (iii) where, within the period set forth in the preceding paragraph, the author makes public his work on which he indicates his true name or a widely known pseudonym of his, as the name of the author.
(Term of protection for works under the name of a corporate body)
Article 53
- (1) The copyright in a work bearing the name of a juridical person or other corporate body as that of its author [including a work which does not bear any name as the name of its author but which, if made public, would bear the name of a juridical person or other corporate body as the name of its author] shall continue to subsist until the end of the fifty year period following the making public of the work, or if the work is not made public within the fifty year period following its creation, then until the end of the fifty year period following said work's creation.
- (2) The provisions set forth in the preceding paragraph shall not apply where, within the period set forth in the preceding paragraph, an individual who is the author of a work bearing the name of a juridical person or other corporate body as the name of its author, makes public the work on which he indicates his true name or a widely known pseudonym of his, as the name of the author.
- (3) With respect to the duration of a copyright in a work the authorship of which is
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