VI. ADVERBS.
(a) Adverbs present little difficulty. The following are a few examples ; Áj, "to-day ;" kal, "yesterday ;" turant, "quickly ;" jhaT, "instantly." These are original Hindí.
(b) Some prepositions are also adverbs : as, áge "ahead" ; but as a preposition "in front of." In VII it will be seen that prepositions are really substantives.
(c) Zor se, Urdu, "by force" =ba-zor, Persian, which latter also occurs in Urdu.
(d) Rát din (Hindi) or shab o roz (Persian) "night and day," i.e., all the 24 hours. It will be seen that these are merely substantives.
(e) Jald, "quickly;" dúr, "far." These are simply adjectives.
Adjectives are used as adverbs: as, Wuh baRá phurtílá hai "he is very smart, active." Vide p. 213 (c).
(f) The pronominal adjectives aisá, waisá, etc., are also used as adverbs : sometimes they are inflected as aise, waise.
(g) Niz, "also," hamesha, "always." These are real Persian adverbs.
(h) Ittifáq-an, "by chance," is an Arabic substantive in the Ar. acc. case.
(i) Adjectives in ána are especially adverbial: as, Sipáhiyána "soldier-like, in a soldierly manner" sháhána, "royal; in a royal manner."
(j) The Conj. Partic. is sometimes adverbial: as, Ján bújhkar, "knowingly," "on purpose;" is se baRh-kar" more than this." [Dáda o dánista P. "on purpose."]
