| rōset, | rŏsa. |
| vācant, | văcans. |
| sēcant, | sĕcans. |
| vāgrant, | văgus. |
| tȳrant, | tĭrannus. |
| blātant, | blătărans. |
| nātant, | nătans. |
| phālanx, | phălanx. |
| āpex, | ăpex. |
| cālix, | călix. |
| hēlix, | ἕλιξ. |
| phārynx, | φαρυγξ. |
| lārynx, | γαρυγξ. |
| ōnyx, | ŏnyx. |
Words in which the same vowel is short in English, and long in Latin:
| cĭvic, | cīvicus. |
| mĭmic, | mīmicus. |
| ĕthic, | ἠθικη. |
| tăbid, | tābĭdus. |
| frĭgid, | frīgĭdus. |
| squălid, | squālĭdus. |
| ăcrid, | ācer. |
| ărid, | ārĭdus. |
| flŏrid, | flōrĭdus. |
| rŏrid, | rōrĭdus. |
| fĕtid, | foetĭdus. |
| lĭvid, | līvĭdus. |
| vĭvid, | vīvĭdus. |
| făcund, | fācūndus. |
| fĕcund, | foecūndus. |
| prĕbend, | praebēnda. |
| sŏlace, | sōlātium. |
| prĕface, | praefatio. |
| pŭmice, | pūmex. |
| pēnance, | poena. |
| flŏrence, | flōrentia. |
| prŏvince, | prōvincia. |
| prŏduce, | prōductio. |
| flăbile, | flābĭlis. |
| dĕbile, | dēbĭlis. |
| grănule, | grānŭlum. |
| prŏmise, | prōmitto. |
| cĕruse, | cerūssa. |
| lĕper, | lēpra, lĕpra. |
| prĭmer, | prīmitius. |
| prŏffer, | prōfero. |
| rĭver, | rīvus. |
| sĕver, | sēpăro. |
| clămour, | clāmŏr. |
| ĕthics, | ἠθικα. |
| crăsis, | crāsis. |
| prŏcess, | prōcessus. |
| spĭrit, | spīritus. |
| trăject, | trājectus. |
| prŏject, | prōjectus. |
| prŏduct, | prōductus. |
| crĕdit, | crēdĭtus. |
| lĕgate, | lēgātus. |
| grănate, | grānātus. |
| grănite, | grānātus. |
| spĭnach, | spīnāchia. |
| rădish, | rādix. |
| plănish, | plānus. |
| vănish, | vānesco. |
| fĭnish, | fīnio. |
| pŭnish, | pūnio. |
| flŏurish, | flōrio. |
| nŏurish, | nūtria. |
| cŏmic, | oōmĭcus. |
| cŏral, | cōrăllium. |
| mŏral, | mōrālis. |
| trămel, | trāma. |
| cĭvil, | cīvīlis. |
| lĭnen, | līnum. |
| sĕven, | sēptēm. |
| flŏrin, | flōrēntia. |
| rĕsin, | rēsina. |
| rŏsin, | rēsina. |
| mătin, | mātūtīnus. |
| sŏlemn, | sōlēmnis. |
| fĕlon, | fēlōnia. |
| mĕlon, | mēlo. |
| lĕmons, | līmonēs. |
| ĕcho, | ēchō, ἤχω. |
| bĭshop, | epīscopus. |
| prŏfit, | prōfĭcio. |
| lĭmit, | līmĭtatio. |
| spĭrit, | spīrītus. |
| vĭsit, | vīsĭto. |
| pĕdant, | paedāneous. |
| clĕment, | clēmens. |
| cĕment, | caementum. |
| prĕsent, | praesens. |
| prŏtest, | prōtestor. |
| lĭly, | līlĭum. |
| fĭlly, | fīlĭa. |
| vĕry, | vērò. |
| cĭty, | cīvĭtas. |
| prĭvy, | prīvus. |
545. In this view of the Latin and English quantity, we see how uncertain it is to argue from the former to the latter; for though the Latin accent is frequently a rule for placing the English accent, as in words derived whole from that language, as abdomen, acumen, etc. (503) or preserving the same number of syllables, as in impudent, elegant, from impudens, elegans, etc. (503) yet the quantity of the Latin seems to have no influence on that of the English. In words of two syllables, where one consonant comes between two vowels, as focus, basis, local, etc. though the vowel in the first syllable is short in Latin, it is long in English; and inversely, florid, frigid, livid, etc. have the vowels in the first syllable short, though these vowels are long in floridus, frigidus, lividus, etc. so that if any thing like a rule can be formed, it is, that when a word of three syllables in Latin, with the two first short, is anglicised by dropping the last syllable; we shorten the first syllable of the English dissyllable, unless it ends with the vowel u. (535) Thus we see the shortening power of our English antepenultimate accent, which shortens every antepenultimate vowel but u in our pronunciation of Latin words; as in mimicus, vividus, etc. and continues its shortening power in the penultimate accent of these words when anglicised into mimick and vivid; and hence it is that the short quantity of the first vowel in dissyllables is become so prevalent in our language, to the great detriment of its sound, and the disturbance of its simplicity.
It may be necessary, in the next place, to take a view of such words as are either of Saxon or French original, or not so immediately derived from the Latin, as to be influenced by its quantity.
Dissyllables with but one consonant in the middle, having the first syllable pronounced long:
| sōfa, | aera, | līlach, | sōphi, |
| āga, | bīfold, | trīglyph, | kāli, |
| ēpha, | dōtard, | gārish, | rēbeck, |
| gāla, | dōtage, | zēnith, | cōpal, |
| chīna, | cōping, | cādi, | gābel, |
| nāvel, | ēgre, | bōsom, | grāvy, |
| hāzel, | cīpher, | rāven, | īvy, |
| fōcil, | fāther, | ēven, | hāzy, |
| ēvil, | sāker, | zēchin, | nīzy, |
| ācorn, | ōker, | bāson, | clōver, |
| māson, | stōker, | cāpon, | sīzer, |
| dādo, | tāper, | āpron, | nādir, |
| sāgo, | tōper, | īron, | tābour, |
| brāvo, | wāter, | glēby, | wāges, |
| trōchar, | wāver, | hōly, | bōlis, |
| pōlar, | lēver, | zāny, | tōphet, |
| grōcer, | ōver, | tīny, | ēgret, |
| spīder, | rīgol, | pōny, | rōlant, |
| cīder, | tōken, | crōny, | pīlot, |
| wāfer, | mēgrim, | tōry, | bōrax, |
| wāger, | bēsom, | mīsy, | bāby. |
