Table 1. Engineering controls and associated tasks for various industries
| Process/task | Engineering control | Industry | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| Reactor fugitive emissions | Enclosure | Nanotechnology | Tsai et al. 2009b
Lee et al. 2011 |
| Product harvesting | Glovebox | Nanotechnology | Yeganeh et al. 2008 |
| Reactor cleaning | Spot LEV system/fume extractor | Nanotechnology | Methner 2008 |
| Small-scale weighing | Chemical fume hood | Nanotechnology | Tsai et al. 2009a
Ahn et al. 2008 Tsai et al. 2010 |
| Biological safety cabinet | Nanotechnology and laboratory | Cena and Peters 2011
Macher and First 1984 | |
| Glovebox isolator | Pharmaceutical | Walker 2002
Hirst et al. 2002 | |
| Nano fume hood | Pharmaceutical | ||
| Air curtain isolation hood | Nanotechnology/research | Tsai et al. 2010 | |
| Product discharge/bag filling | Discharge/collar hood | Silica and pharmaceutical | ACGIH 2013
HSE 2003e Hirst et al. 2002 |
| Continuous liner | Pharmaceutical | Hirst et al. 2002 | |
| Inflatable seal | Pharmaceutical | Hirst et al. 2002 | |
| Bag/container
emptying |
Bag dump station | Silica | HSE 2003d
Heitbrink and McKinnery 1986 Cecala et al. 1988 |
| Large-scale weighing/handling | Ventilated booth | Pharmaceutical | Hirst et al. 2002
Floura and Kremer 2008 HSE 2003b |
| Nanocomposite
machining |
High velocity-low volume | Woodworking | |
| Wet suppression | Nanotechnology | Bello et al. 2009 | |
| Air filter change-out | Bag in-bag out | Pharmaceutical |
3.3 Ventilation and General Considerations
It is important to confirm that the LEV system is operating as designed by regularly measuring exhaust airflows. A standard measurement - hood static pressure - provides important information on the hood performance, because any change in airflow results in a change in hood static pressure. For hoods designed to prevent exposures to hazardous airborne contaminants, the ACGIH Industrial Ventilation: A Manual of Recommended Practice for Operation and Maintenance recommends the installation of a fixed hood static pressure gauge [ACGIH 2010].
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Current Strategies for Engineering Controls in Nanomaterial Production and Downstream Handling Processes
