PAR
P A R
PARTISAN, in the military ait, the commander of a partifan party.
Partisan-/^?-/;', a fmall body of infantry given to a partifan, to make an incurfion upon the enemy, to lurk about their camp, to difturb their foragers, and to intercept their con- voys.
PARTITION (Cy.J-PARTiTioN^nhufbandry.The^rr/r/aw in land fown with wheat by the drill, for the horfe-hoing huf- bariHry, aredifferent according as the wheat is fownj in double, treble, or quadruple rows. The double row has but one^r- tition, and this is heft to be ufed in cafes where the land is fuf- pecled to be full of the feed of weeds, which muft be taken out with the hand hoe. This partition fbould be twelve or fourteen inches wide. Whole fields drilled in thefc rows may be hand-hoed at the expence of four fhillings an acre; and when there is but one foot in fix, the price of that work ouo-ht to be proportionable.
The common width of the two partitions, when the wheat is fown in treble rows, is fix or eight inches. Care is to be ta- ken in this particular; for, if they are planted clofcr, they will ftarve one another before the intervals are hoed to *ive them a frefh fupply of nourifhment ; and if they are planted too far afunder, the two outer rows will thrive well, but the middle row will be ftarved, and look worfe and weaker, be- caufe of its being at fo great a diftance from the hoed intervals. In quadruple rows the partitions are belt to be feven inches wide each : at this dittance the plants will thrive fuflicientlv, and if they are fet nearer, the whole will be worfe; and if farther off, the two outer rows will thrive, but the two inner ones will be ftarved, by reafon of their diflance from the plowed intervals.
Partition, partiho, in rhetoric, the fame with divifion. See the article Division.
Partitione fadenda, in law, a writ which lies for thofe who hold lands or tenements pro indivifo, and would fever to everyone his part, againftthem that refufe to join in partition, as copartners, fcfr. F. N. B. 61, 31 H. 8. c. 1. Cow'eL
PART1TURA, in the Italian mufic, the fame as partition. See Partition, Cyd.
PARTNER (Cyd J— Partners, in afhip, are ftrong pieces cf timber bolted to the beams incircling the mails, to keep them fteady in their fleps, and alfo keep them from rolling, that is, falling over the ih'ip's fides. There are alfo of thefe partners
- at the fecond deck, to the fame end; only the miflen-maft hath but one pair of partners, in which that maft is wedged fo firm that it cannot move. Some fhips do not fail well un- lefs their malts are loofe, and have leave to play in the pa> tners; but in a ftorm this is dangerous, left the partners ihould be wronged, (as they fay) i. e. forced out of their places; for then there is no help but to cut the mail by the board.
PARTRIDGE, perdix, in ornithology. See Perdix.
The partridge is a timorous and fimple bird, and is fo valuable at the table, that there are a great many ways of taking it invented by fportfmen, all of which fucceed Vrom the folly and fear of the animal.
■ Theplaces that partridges moft delight in, are corn-fields, efpecially while the corn grows; for that is a fafe retreat, where they remain undifturbed, and under which they ufuJdly breed. ' They frequent the fame fields after the corn is cut down, and that with another intent; for they then feed on the corn that has fallen from the ears, and find a fufficient fhelter for them under the covert of the Italics, efpeciallv thofe of wheat ftubble. When the wheat Hubble is much trodden by men or beafts, they retire to the barley ftubble, and will there hide themfelves in coveys of twenty or thirty. When the winter comes on, and the ftubble fields are trodden down or ploughed up, they then retire to the upland meadows, where they lodo-e in the high grafs and among the ru flics ; fometimes they re- fort to the low coppice woods, efpecially if there be corn lands near them.
In the harveft time, when the corn fields are full of men, they are found in the fallow fields next to the corn fields, where they lie lurking among the weeds till evening, and then they get over into the corn, and feed late and early on the corn in the fheaves. When the proper haunts are known, the next thing is to find the birds in them : this is done varioufly, fbme will do it by the eye only; and this art can never be taught, but can be had only from long obfervation : the colour of tie birds being fo like that of the earth at a diftance, that no eye but a very convcrfant one could diftinguifh them. When they are once feen, the bufinefs is to keep the eye upon them, and then to keep in continual motion. They are a very lazy bird, and by this means will let a perfon almoft tread upon them ; tho' if the perfon ftands ftill to eye them, they will rife immediately, tho' they are at a confiderable diftance. Another method of obferving them is by going to their haunts very early in the morning, or at the dole of the evening, which is called jucking time. The noifc of the cock partridge is to be attended to at this time, and is very loud and earneft. The hen will foon come up to the cock after her makim* the noife, which (he docs by way of anfwer ; and when they arc 1 got together, their chattering will difcover them. 7"hus they | may always .be found at thefe times : but there is a vet better method of finding this bird, which is by the call. 'The bull- 1 Suppl. Vil. II.
nef s , morder to have fuccefs in this way, is carefully to learn the notes of the fmtrittge, and be able' to imitate all the feve- ral founds. When perfect in this, the perfon is to go to the haunts morning and ec*ning, and placing himfeif in form place wnere he can fee the birds without heme feen by therjM be is to Hften to their 'calling; and when thc\ are heard, he i- to anfwer in the fame note:;, doubling again as they do : by continuing this, they may be brought fo near, that the perfon lying down on his back may count their whole number. Having in this manner found where the birds are, the next care is to catch them
They are fo foolifh, that it is extremely eafy to take them in nets. In order to this, there ne.ds no more than the going out, provided with two or three ne-ts, with mefhea fomewhat fmaller than thofe of the pheafant nets, and walking round about the covey, a net is to be fixed fo as to draw over them, on pulling a line at a diftance. All this may be ealily done ; for fo long as the fportfman continues moving about, and does not fix h ; s eyes too intently upon them, they will let him come near enough to fix the nets, without moving. If the* lie fo ftraggling, that one net will not cover thern, then two or three muft be fixed in the fame manner. The fportfman may then draw the nets over them, and they will often lie ftill with the nets upon them till be comes up to fright them, then they will rife and be entangled in the net. A fecond method of taking them is with bird-lime: this is done by means of wheat ftraws. Thefe muft be large, and cut off between knot and knot; they muft be well limed with the heft and ftrongeft bird-lime, and the fportfman mart carry a great number of them out with him. Having found a field where there are partridges, he is to call; and if they anfwer, he is then to ftick up the limed ftraws in rows acrofs two or three lands, and going backward, call again to them, leading them on in the road where the ftraws are: thty will follow one another like a flock of chickens, and come out to the call; and will in their way run upon the ftraws, and liming them- felves, they will daub one another by crowding together, fo that very few of them will be able to efcape. But there is yet a pleafanter way of taking them than this, that is, by driving of them : in order to this, an engine is to be made of canvas fluffed with ftraw, to represent a horfe ; this horfe and nets are to be taken to the haunts of the partridges, and the nets being placed wanting or Hope wife in the lower part of the field, the fportfman is to take the wind in his back and get above them, driving them downwards ; his face is to be covered with fometbing green or blue, and placing the horfe before him, he is to go towards them flowly and gently ; and by this means they will be raifed on their legs, but not on their wings, and will run before the horfe into the nets. If in the way they go into a wrong path, the horfe is to be mov- ed to face them ; and they will be thus turned back again, and driven every way the fportfman pleafcs. Indian Partridge, c.turnix Indica, the name given by the Spaniards to a bird of the Weft Indies, of which there are three or four fpecies ; all which, Nierembcrg fays, are properly of the partridge kind. See the articles Colin, and C^uauh-
TZONECOLIM.
M/^/Partridge, a very delicate and valuable bird, called etitumo by the Italians.
It is diftinguifhed from the common partridg.- hv the^rednefs of its beak and legs. It is of a greyifh afh colour on the back ; its throat is white near the head, but has a fmall black fpot on each fide at the angle of the bill, and this white fpace is fur- rounded by a black line ; its breaft is of a yellowifh brown, and its wings are variegated with black, yellowifh, and white. It is not found in England, but is fometimes (hot in theiflands of Gucrnfey and Jerfey. Ray's ornithology, p. 122.
PARTY (Cyel ) — Party-Mw, in the military art, a name given to a party of robbers who iitfefted the roads in the Ne- therlands. They belonged to neither army, but robbed both fides, without any regard to pafies.
pARTY-cbi?ia, a name given by the Englifh merchants and other? to a fort of porcelain or china-ware, which is elegantly painted on the outfidc with fome bright colour, and blotted or variegat- ed with round or fquare fpots of a different tinge. The man- ner in which the jChinefe do this is a very fimple and eafy one, and may be imitated in our own potteries with great cafe. They prepare as many pieces of paper as they intend to have fpots on the veffe!, and cut them exactly into the fhape of thofe fpots : they wet thefe, and then fpread them frooothly on the places where the fpots are to be. When this is done, they cover the veflcl with the brown and gold, or any other varnifh, and then takeoff the papers : in the places which they covered no varnifh has come, fo that they arc fo many regular white fpaces. Thefe they cover with fome other co- lour, laying it on carefully with a pencil : when this is done, they varnifh over the whole vcffel with the common varnifh, and bake it. In fome vefleh they lay on only p'ain blue, or plain black in the fpaces dtftined for fpots ; and after the firft baking they cover thefe with gold, and make them fo many figures of fquares, triangles, or globes in pure gold. Obferv. fur les Coutumes de l'Alie.
PARU, in natural h'tftory, the name of a very Angular Ameri- can fifh.
Yy It
