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t]ry up. We likewife clap patin-Jhaes Upon horfes that are fprained in the moulders. PA I IS, in zoology, the name of a fmall fea-bird, defcribed by Oviedus, and Teeming to be the fame with the ftormfink defcribed by Hoier in his epiftle to Cluiius. It is a little larger than our fparrow, and fkims the furface of the water very nimbly, and is fuppofed a fore-runner of florms.
PATLAHOCA, in botany, the name given by fome authors to the tree which produces the refin, commonly called gum- copal Herman!, p. 40.
PA I REZ, a name for a fort of vermichelH, a parte made of
■ flour and water, and formed into beads. This and all other kinds of vermlcuelli are often ftained with fufrron.
PATRICIDE, patriddiumi the fame with parricide. See the article Paihtcde, Cycl.
PATRIMI and Matrinj, among the Romans, children whole father and mother were- both living
It was by a certain number of thefe that hymns were fun"- to fupplicate the gods, V. Lw. 37, 3.
PATTALIA, in natural hiftory, a word ufed by Ariflotle and the reft of the old Greek writers, to exprefs a 'frag or deer of two years old. The interpreters of Ariflotle have generally rendered this by the Latin wordfubu/o; but that is of a very vagus and uncertain fenfe, and this Greek word of a very de- terminate one, never being ufed to exprefs any animal except the flag at this age Pliny and the Roman authors in general ufe the word fubulo, "indeed, fometimes for a young flag; but they often er ufe it to exprefs that imaginary beafl the oryx or unicorn. Pliny fays, that nature has given this animal cernua fi-nflioa, fingle. horns, as it is generally underflood to mean; but the pbrafe may as well be tranflated plain, uniform, and unbranched horns. The word may have been thus ufed to diftinguifh the horns of this creature, whatever it was, from the {tag, and not to imply that each of them had only one horn : in this (cnt'e, however, it is no proper translation of the word pattalta, which fignifies a flag of a certain age, not any other animal.
PAVANA, in botany, the name of the plant which produces the grana tiglia of the fhops. It is a fpecies of ricinus, Jonf, Dend. p. 458. See Ricinus.
Pavana-wsod, when frefh, operates very violently, both by vo- mit and ftool: when dried, it is much more gentle, never vomiting at all; but at prefent it is fcarce heard of in the fhops.
PAV1A, in botany, the name of a genus of plants defcribed by Boerhaave and Linnaeus, the characters of which are thefe the pcrianthium confifts of one leaf, and is coloured, of ai oval figure, and divided into five obtufe fegments at the edge. The flower confifts of five oval petals, ,the upper ones longer than the others; the longefl of all are very long. are inferted into the cup. The ftamina are eight fubulated filaments, fomewhat crooked, and of the length of the flower. The anther*: are roundifh, the germen of the piftil is cf an oval figure, the ftyle is fubulated, and the ftigma acute. The fruit is a coriaceous turbinated capfule, of an obtufely four fquare form, compofed of four valves, and containing foui cells; in each of which is contained a fingle roundifh feed hinnm Gen. PI. p. 158.
PAVICULA, among the Romans, a rammer, or inftrument for beating down and levelling a (pot of ground, it conhfted of a block of wood one foot long and half a foot thick, with a long handle. Pitijc. in voc.
PAVILIONS, among jewellers, the under fides and corners of the brilliants, lying between the girdle and the collet. Jeffries on Diamonds. See Girdle, &c.
PAULA gumda, in natural- hiftory, a name given by the peoph of the Kaft Indies to a fpecies of foflil of the ojteocolla kind > found in fome fprrags, the waters of which are loaded with fpar. Thefe people ufe it in medicine, giving it in milk for gonorrhoeas, and that with good fuccefs.
PAULaDADUM, a name given by fome authors to the medi cina} -earth of theifland of Malta, called terra me hen/is, and gratia jhm-U Pauli. Some have given this name alfo to a fpe- cies of white bole found in fome parts of Italy, which is made into cakes, and fealed, and ferves in the place of this and other white earths.
PAUL1N1A, in botany, the name of a genus of plants, accord- ing to LinnjEus, taking in the feriana and the cururu of Plu- nder. The characters are thefe : theperianthium is compofed of four oval and expanded leaves, and remains when the flower is fallen. The flower confifts of four oblong and cor- dated petals ; thefe ftand expanded, and are of twice the big- m-fs of the leaves of the cup. The ftamina are eight fimpTc and fhort filaments. The antherte fmall. The germen is three cornered, obtufe, and of a turbinated form. 1 he ftyles are capillary, and are three in number, and very fhort. The ftigmata are fimple and broad The fruit is a large three cornered capfule, compofed of three valves, and containing three celfs, in each of which is a fingle feed of an oval figure. The difference between the cururu and feriana of Plumier is, that the/ertana produces its feeds in the bafe of the cells, and theewuru in the cells of them. Lintusi Gen. PI, p. j-?o. Plumier Gen J5
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PAUNCH, oyPan-ch, on (hip-board, thofc matts made of linnet, which are made faft to the main and fore yards, to keep them from galling againft the mail.
PAVO, (.Cycl.) The peacock, in the Linnzan fyftem of zoo- logy, makes a difimfl genus of birds of the gatlina kind ; the dillmguifhing characters of which are, that the feet have each four toes, and the head is adorned with an erect ornament of feathers, in form of a plume. Linnici Syftem. Naturse,p. 47.
Pavo, in ichthyography, the fca.ock-fijh, one of the larger fpecies of the tardus, oiwraffi, but of a middle nature between the long and the fiat bodied kinds. Its ufual ftandard, as to fize, is about (hree pounds weight; and its colour on the back a mixture of blackifh and a dufky blue : the blue is difpofed in three or four longitudinal parallel lines, on a dufky blackifh ground ; about the head and gills the blue lines are more bright and numerous. Its lower jaw is almoft wholly blue, and its belly is of a fine faft'ron colour or reddifh yellow. It has thick lips, and very fharp tho' not very large teeth. Its back fin is, on the anterior part, of a fine deep blue, with an edge of purple, and fometimes of yellow ; and the reft of the fin is red at the bottom and yellow at the top, and in the middle is finely variegated with blue fpots. The foremoft nerves of the back fin are rigid and prickly, and have foft and flexile rays accompaniing them beyond the limb or edge of the fin, and of more than their own length. Its gill-fins are a mixed red and yellow, and its belly-fin behind the anus of a pale flefh colour, with a variegation of blue and yellow. The other belly-fins are of the fame colours, and the tail is wholly blue. It is a moft remarkably beautiful fifh, and from the fpots and variegations of its fins has obtained its name, Hay's Ichthyol. p. 3/1. See Tab. of Fillies, N° 59,
PAVONIUS-%7, the peacock Jlone, a name given by Ludo- vicus Dulcis, -and other writers of his time, to a fione of which they fay many idle things, fuch as its having the virtue of gaining a perfon's love to another, and the like. They have left us no defcription of it, but probably it was one of the variegated agates.
PAURAEDRASTYL*, in natural hiftory, the name of a ge- nus of cryflals. The word is derived from the Greek ir«».Jf, a few, »j», a fide or plane, the privative particle <*, not, and r&«, a column ; and exprefies a foflil compofed of but a few fides or planes, and having no column.
The bodies of this genus are cryftals compofed of two pyra- mids joined bafe to bafe, without the intervention of a column; thefe being both hexangular, and confequent'y the whole body compofed only of twelve planes ; the others of the fame ftruc- ture being compofed of fixteen. Biffs Hift. of Fof. p. 1 67. Of this genus there are only four known fpecies : 1 . A whitifli one with fhort pyramids, "found in many parts of France. 2. A brown one, with long pyramids, found in ireat plenty in fome parts of Scotland. 3. A crooked or Slanting one, very clear and colourlefs : this is common both in the Eaft and Weft Indies, but no where fo plentiful as in New Spain. And, 4. A bright and blackifh one, with very fhort pyramids: this is found in Italy, Germany, France, a : d England, but with us is ufually met with very fmall. It is commonly found ■ in clufters together. See Tab. of Foffils, Llafs 3.
PAUSANIA, n«i«r«»ii«, in antiquity, a feftival in which were folemn games, wherein freeborn Spartans only contended. It had its name from Paufanias, the Spartan general, under whole conduct the Grecians overcame Mardonius in the fa- mous battle at PlateiE, there being always an oration in praife of him. Potter, Arch. Grax.B. 2. c. 20. T. I. p. 424:
PAUSEISASTOS, in natural hiftory, the name of a beautiful ftone dedicated to Venus, and called alfo paneros. It feems to have been a beautiful agite.
PAUSICAPE, n«t.cr««w«. among the Athenians, a kind of pu- nifhment. A round engine was put about the neck in fuch a manner, that the fufferer could not lift his hand to his head Potter, Archicol. Grate. T. 1. p. 131.
PAUSIS, a word ufed by the old phyficians for a remiffion in acute difeafes.
PAUXI, in zoology, the name of an American bird defcribed by Nieremberg, and feeming to be the fame with the mitu of the Brafilians defcribed by Marggrave, and with the tepetototl of Nieremberg: the whole difference is, that this, inftead of a creft, has a deftly protuberance at the bafis of its bill ; this is of the fliape of a pear and as hard as a ftone, and is of a beautiful turcois colour, or fine pale blue. Ray's Grnithol. p. 305. See the article Mitu.
PAW, (Cycl.) in the manege. A horfe is faid to paw the ground when bis leg being either tired or painful, he does not left it upon the ground, and fears to hurt himfelf as he walks.
PAWLE, in a (hip, a fmall piece of iron bolted to one end of the beams of the deck, clofe to the capftan ; but yet fo eafily as that it can turn about. Its ufe is to flop the capftan from turning baik, by being made to catch hold of the whelps ; therefore they fay, Home a fnwle ; that is, heave a little more for the pavile to get hold of the whelps ; and this they call paivling the cap/tan. PA vV N {Cycl ) -Pawn, among miners, is a pledge of money put into the bar-mafter's hand, at the time when the plaintiff Aaa caufes
