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plays, where the actors fpoke. But this feems an error in that great critic, for they fecm, by what hiftories we have left of them, to have been reprefented fingly long before that time, Pylades living in the time of Auguftus Csefar. Poetry and dancing were early fuppofed to have fome re- lation to one another ; the firft was called a [peaking dance, and the latter a dumb poem ; a name afterwards, and not till long afterwards, given to a piflure. Thus they were in- troduced on the fame fcenes, as things naturally connected together.
SCEfrT. Some animal carcaffes, buried with lime, though ten feet under ground, have been obferved to give lb ftrong a /cent, as to attract dogs to the place. See Lime.
Scent bags, in natural hiftory, a name given by Tyfon to thofe peculiar pouches, or bags, which certain animals, as the civet cat and mufk animal, have for the receiving the mat- ter of their perfume. Thefe bags are common to more animals than is generally fuppofed, and in all have much the fame qualities, the matter they contain being in mod of them feet id, and disagreeable, while contained in the bag, and only becoming fweet and pleafant when dried, or taken at lead: from the animal, and fmelt in fmall quantities. The weafcl and polecat with us have bags of this kind, and the famous bag, or pouch of the opoflum, is of the nature of thefe ; though it ferves alfo to the other great purpofe of re- ceiving and flickering the young in time of danger. It contains, like the reft, a tough and vifcous matter, which ouzes out of the glands, and is of a very offenfive fmell while the creature lives ; but as foon as it is taken out and dried, the fmel! changes into a fine perfume. The gland of the aper mofchiferus, as Tyfon calls it, is of this kind, con- taining a glutinous humor of a very offenfive fmell when frefh, but when dried, becoming fweet and perfumed as mufk. Philof. Tranfact. N° 239. p. 125. See the article Ater.
SCEPASTRA, the name of a kind of bandage for the head, defcribed by Galen.
SCHADIDA calli, in botany, a name given by fome authors to the plant which affords the euphorbium of the fhops. Herm. Cat. p. 31.
SCH./ENANTH, febanantkus, in botany, the fame with ifeba- ?num. See Scjenanth and Isch^emum. Sch&nanth was much praikd by the antients as a deobftru- ent, and promoter of the menfes ; but at prefent it is only kept as an ingredient in fome officinal compofitions,
SCH/ENICLOS, in zoology, the name of a bird, which, by the defcription of Bellonius, feems to be the fame with that called by the French alouette de mer, fatfea lark, and by us the Ji'int. Aldrovand. lib. 20. cap. 56.
SCHAFFILT, in zoology, the name of a very fmall owl, not larger than a thrufh, called noEfita minor by authors. Its eyes are very bright, and of a yellow colour ; its ears very large ; its feet are feathered to the toes, and the foles of its feet are yellow. It is caught in the woods in Ger- many. Rayh Ornitholog. p. 69.
SCH AK ARILLA, or Schacarilla, in the materia medica, a name given by fome authors to the medicinal bark called cortex tburis, and cortex eluiberii by others. Montant Exot. p. 8.
SCHAPHAN, in Jewifh antiquity, the name of an animal declared unclean by the law of Mofes b . Interpreters do not agree in their explanations of this word.— [ b Levit. xi 5. J See the article Choerogrillus.
SCHASIS, a word ufed by fome of the writers in furgery to exprefs fcarification.
SCHEAT, or, as it is fome times written, Schead, or foe art, a name given by many to the jentling, a fifh of the chub kind, caught in the Danube, and molt of the larger rivers of Germany, and called by Gefncr and Aldrovand capita ca- ruleus. JVillughbys Hift. Pifc. p. 256. See Jentling. This is the glanus of Pliny, and the other old Roman au- thors, and is diftinguifhed by Artedi by the name of the fi- lurus with four beards near the mouth. This is its charac- ter in which it differs from the lake, another fifh of this kind; which, though a genuine fpecies of filurus, has only one beard.
SCHELLENT, in zoology, the name of a fpecies of duck, found about the fea coafts, cf the fize of the common duck, and differing from the capo rojjb in this, that it is twice as large, and the eyes have yellow iris's ; though agreeing with it in the colour of the head, which is of a reddifh brown. Its neck is grey, and its back is of a blackifh grey j its throat, brcaff. and belly white, but near the anus there is a tranfverfe brown line- The long feathers of the wings are black and white, and the tail of a blackifh grey. Al- drovand, de Avib, p. 223.
SCHELLEY, in zoology, a name given in fome counties of England to the fifh known among authors by the name of ferra. Wiilugbb^S Hjft. Pifc. p. 184. See Ferra.
SCHEME, (Cyd.)J'cbema, <?•;<;»/*«, in the antient mufic, is ufed for the varieties asiiing from the different pofitions of the tones and femitones in a confonance,
SCHETES, was formerly a term for ufury ; and the commons prayed that order might be taken againft this horrible vice,
pracYifed by the clergy as well as the laity. Rot. Pari - 14 Rich. II. Blount.
SCHETIC difeafes, a term ufed by the old writers in medicine to exprefs fuch difeafes as were not deeply rooted in the con- ftitution, but might be eafily removed.
SCHEUKZERIA, in botany, the name of a genus of plants the characters of which are thefe. The pcrianthium is di- vided into fix oblong, acute, reflex and expanded leaves, re- maining with the fruit. There is no flower of petals. The ftamina are fix very fhort and flaccid capillary filaments. The anthera? are ereel and obtufe, very long, and of a compreffed figure. The germina of the piftils are three in number; they are of the fize of the cup, and of an oval compriiicd figure; though there be no ilyle. The ftigmata are oblono-, and obtufe on the upper part ; they grow on the outfide to the germina. The fruit confifts of as many capfules as the piftil had germina ; they are of a roundifh figure, inflated and comprefled, and each compofed of two valves. The feeds are Angle and oblong.
The number of the germina and capfules vary, from three up to fix ; the three feem, however, the moft natural ftate of the flower, and are the moft frequent. Linneei Gen. Plant, p. 152.
SCHILUS, in ichthyology, a name given by many to the fifh called by the generality of authors lucioperca, or the pike fifh. See Lucioperca.
Artedi refers it to the genus of the perca, or pearch, and di- ftinguifhes it from the common pearch, by calling it the pale fpotted pearch with two large teeth on each fide 'the mouth. See the article Perca.
SCHINEL/EON, a word ufed by the antients to exprefs an oil of maftich, or oil in which maftich was diffolved.
SCHINUS, in botany, the name by which Linnaeus calls the genus of plants, defcribed by Tournefort and others under the name ofmolle. The characters are thefe : the cup is very fmall, and is lightly indented in five places. The flower confifts of five expanded petals. The ftamina arc a confi- derable number of oblong flender filaments. The germen of the piftil is roundifh, and the fruit is a globofe berry, containing a large feed of the lame globofe figure. This plant, in its external appearance, refembles very much the rbus and the lentijk, m the fru&ification, but when clofely examined, is found to differ from both ; from the former, in having more than five ftamina, and from the latter, in the petals. Linnm Gen. PI. p. 515.
SCHIRROSIS, a name given to a diforder of the eye, arifing from the violence of a long continued inflammation, when the flefh increafes in bulk, and afiumes a livid colour.
SCHISMA, in mufic. Some, as Graffineau, make this in- terval equal to half a comma, and fay that eighteen of them are required to make a compleat tone, reckoning nine com- mas to a tone. But all this is inaccurate. See the article Inter val.
It is alfo ufed by fome for the difference between the tones major and minor % called by others a comma.— \? Defcartes 9 Comp. Mufic] See Comma, Cycl. and Suppl.
SCHIT-ELU, in botany, a name given by fome authors to the plant, which produces the feed called fefamum in the fhops. Hort. Mai. Vol. 9. p. 105.
SCHLEMMEN, a term ufed by the fm alt- makers to exprefs the fubftance of the final t after fufion, when it is feparated from the efebel ; that is, a fort of grey afhes which adhere to it, and is ready for powdering for ufe.
SCBNOT fiA a name by which fome call the hafela or hafler, a frefh water fifh, approaching to the mullet or chub kinds, and at fome feafons efteemed a very delicate difh. milughby's Hift. Pifc. p. 261. See the article Hasela.
SCHOENAS, among the antients, a land meafure contain- ing two parafangs, or fixty ftadia, according to Herodote ; which makes feven and an half of our miles. But Pliny computes it at five miles, or fifty ftadia. Pitifc. in voc. See Parasang and Stadium, Cycl.
SCHOLARES, an ecclefiaftic order, inftituted by Innocent the third in the council of Lateran. Hofm. Lex. univ. in voc.
SCHOOL, (Cycl.) or Schooling, in the manege, is ufed to fignify the leffon and labour both of the horfe and horfe- man.
Afchoolpace or gate denotes the fame with ecoute. See the article EcouTE.
SCHRAITSER, in zoology, the name of a fifh very com- mon in the Danube, and in many things refembling our ruff, or fmall gilded pearch.
Its common fize is about three inches in length ; its tail is forked, and its back fin is fupported by thirty rays or nerves, eighteen of which are rigid and prickly, and thofe which ftand behind them foft and flexile. The upper jaw has a membrane fomewhat like a lip, which hangs from it, and the coverings of the gills terminate in a fpine or prickle. The membrane of the back fin is variegated with black fpots, and its general colour is fomewhat paler than that of the pearch. It is a very well tafted fifh. Rays Ichthyography, P- 335- ' °
SCHWALBEA,
