YAW
capfulc, contained within the cup, with three cells and three valves. The feeds are very numerous, and extremely fmall. Lhrnai Gen. Plantarum. p. n.
Y E L
XYSTICI, among the antients, a defignation given to the Ath- letse, becaufe they performed their exerdfes in the Xyjlus. See the article Xystus, Cycl.
Y.
YARD (Cycl) — Yard-/a//«/, a term ufed among our farriers to exprefs a malady to which horfes are fometimes fubject, which is the hanging down of the penis from its {heath between the legs, the creature not being able to draw it up again. This is caufed by weaknefs of the peculiar mufcles, which (hould a<£t in the drawing up ; and proceeds fometimes from a violent flip or ftrain ; fometimes from a blow on the back, and fometimes from extreme wearinefs in long journeys. The method of curing this, is firft to wafh it with oil of rofes, after this with warm white-wine, and finally, to anoint it with a mixture of oil of rofes and honey : it is then to be re- turned into its place, and kept from falling down again by a little canvas bolfter. It is to be thus dreffed once in twenty- four hours, till the cure is perfected.
There are fome other diftemperatures to which this part is fub- ject, in a horfe, as the being foul at the end, r fo that the crea- ture voids his urine in the death ; in this cafe the method of cure is to draw out the penis, and cleanfe the end of it from any foulnefs that may be found there ; then it is to be walhed with butter and white-wine vinegar melted together : fome- times there is a difcharge of a yellow ftinking matter from the penis : this is peculiar to ftone-horfes, and principally aftects them after the time of their covering of mares. This running is attended with a fwelling of the penis, and with a pain in voiding the urine ; the creature alfo finds a difficulty in drawing up the penis into the fheath. The method of cure is, to diflolve in a pint of white-wine an ounce ot roach-alum by boiling, and four or five times a day this is to be ufed, in- jecting it up into the Yard with a fyringe blood-warm. This will prove a certain cure. YARIN, a word ufed by fomc of the chemical writers to exprefs
the flos ;Eris. YARN {Cycl)— S£«»Yarn, on board a fhip. See the article
Spun, Cycl. . .
YGROPISSOS, in the materia medica, a word ufed by fomc
writers to exprefs tar. YARROW, in botany. Seethe article Millefolium. YARWHELP, or Yarwip, an Englifh name ufed in fome places for the godwit, the tzgocephalus of authors. See the ar- tidle /Egocephalus. YAWS (Cycl.) — This is a diftemper epidemical, or rather ende- mical to Guinea, and the hotter climates in Africa, feldom failing to attack each individual one time or other of their lives, but moft commonly in childhood or youth : It makes its firft - appearance in little fpots on the cuticle, level with the fkin, no larger than the point of a pin, which increafe daily, and be- come protuberant like pimples : foon after the cuticle frets oft, and then, inftead of pus or ichor in this fatal! tumour, white floughs or fordes are only found, under which is a fmall fun- gus growing out of the cuticle, increaiing gradually to dif- ferent magnitudes, fome lefs than the final left wood-ftrawberry, fome as big as a rafpberry, and others even exceeding in big- nefs the largeft mulberries, which they verv much refemble. While they are coming to this height, the 'black hair, which grows out of the part now covered with the Yatvs, changes gradually white,
ft is impofiible to calculate the exact time which this diftem- per lequires, to go through thefe different ftages, Some ne- groes, who were in good plight, and bad full nouriftiment, in a month after difcovering the white ipots, have had feveral Yaws as big as a mulberry ; and in other negroes, that were luw in flefli, and had but a poor fcanty diet, in three months time none of the Yaws have exceeded a common ftrawbeny. The Yaws appear on all the parts of the body ; but the moft and blggefl are generally on the groins, about the privities and anus, in the arm-pits and face. When they arc very large, -they are few in number \ and when they are many in number, they are fmall in fize. All this time the patient is in good health, does not lofe his appetite, and fcems to have no other uiieafmefs than what the naftinefs of the fores occafion ; for they are not painful, except touched too roughly. This is the natural appearance of the diftemper, when left to itfelf, and in
this ftate it will continue a long time without any fenfible eva- cuatum.
The Yovjs do not prove often dangerous, if the cure is un- dertaken ikilfuily at a proper time, and the patient has not undergone any courfe of phyfic for them before; but if the patient has been once falivated, or taken any quantity of mer- cury, and the fkin once cleared, and they appear again, they are always very difficult, and often impoffible, to cure. Me- dic. Eft", vol. 5. art. 76.
The chief part of the cure is by gentle falivation with calomel, in fmall doles, that it may neither vomit nor purge. The pa- tient's drink is the decoction of guaiacum and faffafras, fer- mented with melaffes. See Medic. Eff. ibid, or the Abrid°\ vol. 2. p. 305.
Sometimes one large Yaw y high-knobbed, red and moift, cal- led the maJler-Yaw, remains after the reft are fallen off, and the falivation is over. And to fubdue this, fome have thought new falivations neceffary ; but it requires only to be deftroyed by a gentle cauftic, or mild efcharotic, as equal parts of red precipitate and burnt alum.
The falivation fhould not be begun befor the Yaws are at the height, which is difcovered by their being at a ftand, neither increasing in fize or number. Their coming to the height fhould be accelerated by proper medicines. If the patient be falivated before this time, the diftemper will return foon after the falivation. Ibid. p. 304.
YAYAUHQUITOTOTL, in zoology, the name of an In- dian bird, defcribed by Nieremberg, remarkable for having two feathers of its tail much longer than the reft, and naked for a great way ; but at the end ornamented wirh black and blue hairs. The bird is of the fize of the ftarling, and is beau- tifully variegated with green, blue, yellow, and grey. Mr. Ray is of opinion, that this is the bird defcribed by Mare- grave under the name guaira guainumbi. Ray's Ornithol. app. vol. 298. See the article Guaira- Guainumbi.
YDRINUS, or Hydrinus, a name given by fome to the ophites, or ferpent-ftone.
YEAR (Cycl.) — Year is alfo a word ufed by fome of the che- mical writers to exprefs any product of their operations which may ferve as a medicine, whether internally or exter- nally.
YEAST. Common z\c-Yea/l may be kept frefh and fit for ufe feveral months, by the following method : Put a quantity of it into a clofe canvas bag, and gently fqueeze out the moi- fture in a fcrew-prefs, till the remaining matter be as firm and ftiff as clay.
In this ftate it may be clofe packed up in a tight cafk, for fe- curing of it from the air i and will keep frefh, found, and fit for ufe for a long time.
This is a fecret that might be of great ufe to the brewers and diftillers here, who, though they employ very large quantities of Yeaji, feem to know no method of preferving it, orraifing nurferies of it ; for want of whicii they fuftain a very confidera- ble lofs ; whereas the brewers in Flanders make a very great advantage of fupplying the malt-diftillers of Holland with Yeajl, which is rendered lafting, and fit for carriage, by this eafy expedient. Shaw's Lectures, p. 195.
YELION, a word ufed by fome of the barbarous writers to ex- prefs glals.
YELLOW (Cycl.)— Mr. Boyle tells us a moft beautiful Yellow may be procured by taking good quick-filver, and three or four times its weight of oil of vitriol, drawing off, in a glafs retort, the faline menftruum from the metalline liquor, till there re- mains a dry fnow-white calx at the bottom : On pouring a large quantity of fair water on this, the colour changes to an excellent light yellow.
He fays he fears this colour is too coftly to be ufed by painters, and he does not know how it would agree with every pigment, efpecially oil-colours. Works abr. vol. 2. p. 9r. The Chinefe are famous for their Yellows in dyine, which ne- ver change with warning. They make this dye of the (lowers of the acacia, in a manner in which we might ufe feveral of cur own productions to great advantage
8 It
