CAS
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CAS
Spamnrdii and Bohemians, accompany their Dances, Sar- rabands, and Guittarres. It confiils of two little round Pieces of Wood dried, and hollow'd in manner of a Spoon, the Concavities whereof are placed on one another faflnedto the Thumb, and beat from to time with the Middle Finger, to direfl their Motions and Cadences. The Cttftagnettes may beat eight or nine times in the Space of one Mealure, or Second of a Minute.
cI«t'™'s-^ cGastai - ots -
CASTELLAN, the Name of a Dignity or Charge in ^Poland: The Cajlcllans are Senators of the Kingdom, but Senators of the lower Clafs, and, in Diets, fit on low Seats, behind the Palatines or great Senators. They are a kind of Lieutenants of Provinces, and command a Part of a Pa- latinate under the Palatine. See Palatine.
CASTING, in Foundery, is the running of a melted Metal into a Mould prepar'd for that Purpofe. See Foun- pery, and Mould.
Casting of Gold, Silver, or Coffer in Elates. Sec Coining.
Casting of Lead on Cloth, istheufing a Frame or Mould cover'd with Woollen-Cloth and Linen over it, to caft the Lead into very fine Sheets. See Plumbery.
Casting of Metals, of Letters, tfc. SeeFovNDERY.
Casting in Sand or Earth, is the Running of a Metal between two Frames or Moulds fiil'd with Sand or Earth, wherein the Figure the Metal is to take, has beenimprefs'd, hi creux, by means of the Pattern. See Foundery.
The Goldfmiths alfo ufe the Bone of the Cuttle-Fijb, to mould and caft their leffer Works of Gold and Silver 5 that Bone, when dried, being reducible to a kind of a fine Pu- mice, vei-yfufceptibleofalllmpreffions. SeeCuTTLE-FisH.
Casting in Stone or c PUv 'iter, is the filling a Mould with fine liquid Plainer, that "had been taken in pieces from off a Statue or other Piece of Sculpture, and run together again. There are two Things to be obferv'd with regard to the Mould : The firfl, that it be well foak'd with Oil be- fore the Plaidcr be run, to prevent its flicking : The fecond, that each Piece whereof it confifts, have a Pack-thread, to draw it off the more eafily when the Work is dry. See Statue, and Foundery.
Casting of Candles, is the filling the Moulds with Tal- low 5 fee Candles.
Casting, in Falconry, is any thing given anHawk to purge and cleanie his Gorge : Of thefe there are two Kinds, i$J72f, Plumage, i. e. Feathers; and Cotton : the latter whereof is generally in Pellets about the bignefs of Hazel-Nuts, made of foftfme Cotton, and convey'd into her Gorge after Supper. In the Mo ning /he will have caft them out $ at which time they are to be obferv'd, and from the Colour and Condition they are found in, the State of its Body is conjectured. If they be cajl our round, white, not {linking, nor very moift, 'ti-- an Indication a!i is well 5 if otherwile, particularly if black, green, flimy, or the like, 'tis otherwile. ThcCaJl- i?ig of Plumage is obferv'd after the fame manner as the former.
Casting, in Joinery, £$c. V 7 ood is faid to cafh or nvarp, when, euaer by its own Drought or Moifture, or the Drought or Moiflure of the Air, or other Accident, it fhoots or Shrinks ; in prejudice to its Flatnefs and Straight- nefs. See Warping.
CASTLE, a Place fortified by Nature or Art, cither in City or Country, to keep the People in their Duty, or re- fill: an Enemy. See Fortress, and Fortified 'Place,
A Castle, is a little Qttadel ; fee Cittadel.
Castle is alfo ufed, in the Sea-Language, for a part in large Veffels.
The Fore-Cajlle, or c Prow-CaJlle, is the Rife or Eleva- tion at the Prow, over the uppermofl Deck, towards the Mizzen $ the Place where the Kitchens are.
The Hind-Cajlle, or Stem-Cajlle, is the whole Eleva- tion which reigns on the Stem over the laft Deck ; where the Officers Cabbins, and Places of Aflembly are. See ToRE-Caftte, £S?c.
Castle -Ward, or Cajlle-Guard, an Impofition laid on fuch as dwell within a certain Compafs about any Cafile y towards the Maintenance of fuch as watch and ward the Cajllc. The Word is alfo fometimes us'd for the Circuit it felf, inhabited by fuch as are fubjeft to this Service.
CASTOR, in AJlrowmy, a Moiety of the Conflellation Gemini. See Gemini.
C.^tor and 'Pollux, in Meteorology, a Meteor ; which in Storms at Sea appears fometimes flicking to part of the S'lip, in form of one, two, or even three or four Fire-Balis : When one is feen alone, 'tis call'd Helena ; two are call'd Cajlor and'Poll'ix, and fometimes Tyndarides. See Meteor.
CJfcr and 'Poll nx, are commonly judg'd to portend a CcflV'on of the Storm, and a future Calm ; being rarely feen till iheTempeft is nigh fpent. Helena portends ill, and wi:nefles the fevereft part of the Storm yet behind.
CASTOREUM, in ^Pharmacy, a liquid Matter, in-
clos'd in Bags or Purfcs near the Anus of the Cajlor or Sever ; falfly taken for that Animal's Stones.
Thefe Purfcs are about the bignefs of a Goofe-Egg, and found indifferently in Males and Females; the Liquor in- clofed, ferves to give the Cajlor an Appetite, being prefs'd out of its Receptacles, on occafion, by the Foot : When taken off, the Matter dries and condenfes, Jo as it may be reduced to a Poudcr ; by hanging in the Chimney it becomes of the Confiflencc of Wax. "lis oily, of a Iharp, bitter Tafte, and a ftrong difagreeahle fraell. 'Tis us'd to fortify the Head and nervous Parts, it excites the languishing Spirits, refills Poifons, and provokes the Menfes in Women. "Tis ufed in Lethargies, Apoplexies, Vertig-'s, Tremblings, Suffocations of IVomcn, and other Occasions. 'Bartholine, and other Authors, afcribe to it a wonderful Property of pre- cipitating things to the bottom of the Water.
For the Choice of Cajloreum 5 the befl is that of l Dant- zic, that of Canada is much inferior ; the largeft Lumps, and thofe that fmell ftrongeft, are the moA efleem'd, efpe- cially when heavy and well ftefhed. Care is to be taken that it han't been adulterated with Honey or other Drugs, to increafe its weight, which is known by ftjueezing it - 7 the fophiflieated being foftifh, and yielding a liquid, itinking Honey ; and the natural, hard and heavy, of a brifk Smell, and full of Filaments.
Cajloreum is ufed in the Compoiition of Venice Treacle and Mithridate, befides various other Hyflerick and Cepha- Jick Medicines. They draw an Oil from it call'd Oil of Cajlor 5 and it is alfo ufed, while in its liquid State, to make foveral Kinds of Unguents.
The Ruffian Way of curing Cajloreum, is defcrib'd in the 'Philofopbical Tranfaclions thus ; * To get the Milk out of
- theBever's Sto?ies, (the Sags it fhou'd be) put a proper
- Quantity of Water, with half a Shovel full of Wood-
- Afhes, tie the Bags in Couples, and put them in the
- boiling Water for half a quarter of an Hour, Lay Birch-
- Bark on the Fire, and fmoke the Bags well over it for
' an Hour, till they be well dried j hang them up for a ( Week or more, till perfectly dry and hard, they may then 1 be pack'd up for Ufe or Exportation.'
Castor Skin, the Fur or Skin of an amphibious Animal called Cajiorox Bever, fometimes found in England, France, Germany, and -Poland, but moll abundantly in the Pro- vince of Canada in North- America. See Fur, Skin, £?c.
Its chief Ufe is in the Compofition of Hats, and Furs. See Hat, l$c. Befide this, in 1669, an Attempt was made to employ it in other Merchandizes; accordingly a Manufaclury was fettled in the Fauxbourg S. Antoine near 'Paris, where they made Cloths, Flannels, Stocking":, \g c . of Cajlor, with a mixture of Wool. The Manufacture flourifh'd for awhile, but foon decay'd, it being found by Experience that the Stuffs loft their Dye when wet, and that when dry again they were harfh, and ftifF as Felts.
The Merchants diftinguifh three Kinds of Cajlor, tho all equally the Spoils of the fame Animal 5 thefe are New Cajlor, Dry Cajtor, and Fat Cajldr : New Cajlor, called alfo Winter Cajlor, and Mufcovite Cajlor, becaufe ordina- rily referv'd to fend into Mufcovy, is that taken in the Win- ter-Huntings. This is the befl, and moll efleem'd for rich Furs, as having lofl none of its Hair by Moulting. 1)ry Cajlor or lean Cajlor, is the Refult of the Summer- Huntings j when the Beaftis moulted, and has lofl part of its Hair: This being much inferior to the former, is little ufed in Furs ; but moftly in Hats. Fat Cajlor, is that which has contracted a certain fat, unftuous Humour, by Sweat exhaled from the Bodies of the Savages, who have wore it for fome time : This, tho better than the dry, is yet only ufed for Hats.
After the Hair is cut off the Skin to be ufed in Hats, the Pelt or Skin it felf) is us'd in various Works, wa, in the covering of Mails and Trunks, in Slippers, £j?c. See Com- pany of Canada.
CASTRAMETATION, the Art of Incamping, i. e. of placing and difpofing a Camp or Army. See Camp.
The Word is more us'd for the Incampments of the An- tients, than thofe of the Moderns. It comes from the Latin Cajlrum, Camp $ and Metire, to mcafure.
CASTRATION, inChirurgery, the Operation of Geld- ing, i. e. of cutting off the Teflicles, and of putting an Animal out of a Capacity of Generation. See Testicles.
Cajlration is much in Ufe in AJia, efpccially among the 'Turks, who pracfife it on their Slaves, to prevent any commerce with their Women. ThcTurks cajlrate to the Purpofe, making a general Amputation both of Teflicles and Yard. Cajlration alfo obtains in Italy, where 'tis us'd with a View to preferve the Voice for finging. See Eu- nuch.
Cajlration is fometimes found neceffary on medicinal Considerations, as in Difeafes of the Teflicles, efpccially the Sarcocele and Varicocele, See Sarcocele, fifo
Cajlration is alfo praclis'd on Women : Athengm men- tions, that King Andramarh was the firft who cajlmed 1 ' Wo-
