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This Lye, with the Force of the Sun and Air, brings the ffair to ib per feci a Whitcnefs, that the moil expe- rienced Perfon may be deceived therein ; there being fcarce any Way of detecting the Artifice but by boiling and dry- ing it 5 which leaves the Hair of the Colour of a dead Walnut-Tree Leaf.
There is alfo a Method of dying Hair with Bifmuth ; which renders fuch white Hair, as borders too much upon the yellow, of a bright Silver Colour. — ■ Boiling is the Proof of this too • the Bifmuth not being able to Itand it.
Hair which does not curl or buckle naturally, is brought to it by Art ; by fait boiling, and then baking it in the following Manner : — After having pick'd and for ted the Hair, and difpofed it in Parcels, according to the Lengths • they roll them up, and lye them tight down, upon little cylindrical Inilruments, cither of Wood or Pottery, a Quarter of an Inch thick, and hollow'd a little in the middle 5 in which State they are put in a Pot over the Fire, there to boil for about two Hours. — ■ When taken Out they let them dry ; and when dried, fpread them on a Sheet of brown Paper, cover them with another, and thus fend them to the Paltry Cook ; who making a Cruft or Corfin around them of common Pail, fets them in the Oven, till the Cruft is about three fourths baked.
The End by which a Hair grew to the Head, is called the HeaA of the Hair ; and the other, with which they beam to give the Buckle, the 'Point. — • Formerly the Perruke-Makers made no Difference between the two Ends, but curled and wove them by either indifferently; which made them unable to give a fine Buckle ; Hair wove by the Point never taking the right Curl. — ■Foreigners own themfelves obliged to the Engiift for this Difcovery ; which was firic carried abroad by a Perruke-Maker of our Country. 2Ji£f. dc Commerce.
Hair is alfo ufed in divers_Arts and Manufactures.
The Hair of Beavers, Hures, Conies, &c. is the prin- cipal Matter whereof Hats are made. See Hat.
Spread on the Ground, and left to putrify on Corn Lands, Hair, as all other animal Subftances, v'vz. Horns, Hoofs, Blood, Garbage, %5c. proves a good Manure. See Manure.
Hair alfo makes an Ingredient in the Composition of Plaiiter. See Plaister.
Hair, in the Manage, and among Farriers, is popularly call'd the Coat, and makes a Point of principal Conside- ration in Refpecl of Horfes, &c. See Horse.
If the Hair of a Horfe, efpecially about the Neck, and Parts uncover'd, be fleek, and fmooth, and clofe ; 'tis an Indication of his being in Health and good Cafe ; If rough and flaring, or any Way difcolour'd, it denotes a Coldnefs, Poverty, or fome inward Dcfecl. — To make the Hair fmooth, ftcek, and foft, he muft be kept warm, fweated often, and when fweated, the Coat welt fcraped and rubb'd down.
The Hair growing oti the Fetlock, ferves as a Defence to the prominent Part thereof, in travelling on ftony Ways, or in frofty Weather.
If a Place be bare, or thin of Hair, or the Hair be too ihort; the ancient Farriers ufed to wafli it with the Urine of a young Boy ; and after that with a Lye of unilaked Lime, Cerufe, and Litharge. — The Moderns have various other Ways: Some warn, the Parts with a Decoclion of the Roots of Althaea; others with Goats Milk, wherein Agrimony has been pounded ; others rub the Part with Kettle Seed, bruis'd with Honey Water, and Salt: Others anoint it with the Juice of an Onion, or Radi/h; others with a Mixture of Alum, Honey, Goats Dung, and Swines Blood : Others with the Root of the white Lilly, boil'd in Oil : Others with Tar, Oil of Olives, and Honey : And others, with green Walnut Shells powder'd, and mix'd with Honey, Oil, and Wine.
To take off Hair in any Part, they apply a Plaifter, made of unilack'd Lime, boil'd in Water, with Orpiment added. See Mark., Star, ci>c.
. HAIKS-Sreadth, is accounted the forty eighth Part of an Inch. See Measure, Inch, &c.
HALBARD, or Halberd, an offenfive Weapon, con- fitting of a long Shaft, five Foot long, with a Steel Head, fomewhat in manner of a Crefcent. See Arms and Armour.
The Halbard was antiently a common Weapon in the Army ; where, there were Companies of Halbardeers : It is ftitl retain'd by' the Sergeants and Corporals on divers O:cafions. — It was called the iJanift Ax, becaufe firft bore by the Danes ; and on the left Shoulder. From the 1)anes it was derived to the Scots ; from the Scots to the EngHp-Saxons ; and from them to the French.
The Word is form'd of the German Hal, Hall, and bardj a Hatchet. VoJJius derives it from the German of bel, clams* fplendens, and baert t bipennis.
Others bring it from ala, by Reafon the Halbards were ranged in the Wings of the Army, quafi aliparatum.
HALBERT, among Farriers, S£V. is a Piece of Iron, an Inch broad, and three or four Inches long, folder'd to the Toe of a Horfe's Shoe, that fets out before ; to hinder a lame Horfe from refting or treading upon his Toe.
Halbert Shoes do of Neceffity conitrain a lame Horfc to tread or reft on his Heel, when he goes a moderate Pace; which lengthens and draws out the back Sinew, that was fomewhat flirunk before.
HALCYON-2)^ 2)ies Alcyonis, a Phrafe, that fre- quently occurs among Writers, to denote a Time of Peace and Tranquillity.
The Diction takes its Rife from a Sea-Fowl, call'd among Naturalilts Halcyon, or Alcyon, which builds its Neft about the Winter's Solftice, when the Weather is ufually obferv'd to be itill and calm.
The antient Tradition was, that it built its Nell, and laid its Eggs in the Sea 5 chufing for that Purpofe a Sea- fon when the Waves were quite Hill.
HALF-J5/0<W2, a round Mafs of Metal, which comes out of the Finery of an Iron-Work. See Bloom ery and Iron-Work.
tt&LF-Mark, Dimdia Merk<e, is a Noble. See Noble.
Fitz-herbert fays, that in Cafe a Writ be brought, and the Seifin of the Demandant, or his Anceftor alledged ; the Seifin is not traverfable by the Defendant, but he may tender the half Mark for the Enquiry of this Seifin : Which is, in plainer Terms, that the Defendant fhall not be ad- mitted to deny, that the PoiTeflbr, or his Anceilors, was feifed of the Land in Queftion, and to prove his Denial ; but that he fhall be admitted to render half a Mark in Money, to have an Enquiry made, whether the Deman- dant, Sfe, were feifed or not ?
Kalf-Mg-072, 2)emi Ltine^ in Fortification, is an Out- work, that hath only two Faces, forming together a faliant Angle, which is flanked by fome Part of the Place, and of the other Bait ions. See Out -VIork, Demi- Lune, &c.
Thefe Half-Moons are fometimes raifed before the Cur- tain, when the Ditch is a little wider than it ought to be; in which Senfe it is much the fame with a Ravelin, only that the Gorge of an Half-Moon is made bending in like a Bow, or a Crefcent, and is moil Times ufed to cover the Point of a Baftion ; whereas Ravelins are placed before the Curtain.' — But they are defective, as being ill flanked. See Ravelin.
HALF- e Peimy y a Copper Coin, whofe Value is exprefs'd by its Name. See Penny. See alfo Obolus.
HALF-Seal, is ufed in Chancery, for the Sealing of Commiflions to Delegates appointed upon any Appeal in Ecclefiaflical or Marine Caulcs. See Delegate.
HA-LF-Tongae, Medietas Lingua, is a Jury impannell'd in a Caufe, where a Stranger, or Foreigner, is a Party. See Medietas LingU£.
HALIEUTICKS, Halieutica, of the Greek, *AXifan», Books treating o£ Fiflies, or the Art oi Fijhing. See Fish and Fishing.
HALIGAMOT. See Halimote.
HALL, was antiently ufed for a Manfion-Houfe, or Habitation. See Mansion.
Hall, Salle, in Architecture, is a large Room, at the Entrance of a fine Houfe, Palace, or the like. See Pa- lace, ££c.
Vitruvius mentions three Sorts of Halls : The Tetrafiyle, which has four Columns fupporting the Plafond, or Ceil- ing : The Corinthian, which has Columns alt around, let into the Wall, and is vaulted over : And the Egyptian, which had a Periftyle of infolated Corinthian Columns, bearing a fecond Order, with a Ceiling. Thcie were call'd Oeci.
The Hall is properly the firft, and fineft Partition, or Member of an Apartment ; and, in the Houfes of Mini- flers of State, public Magiftrates, & t c, is that wherein they difpatch Bufinefs, and give Audience.
In very magnificent Buildings, where the Hall is larger and loftier than ordinary, and placed in the middle of the Houfe, it is call'd a Saloon. See Saloon.
A Royal Apattmcnt is faid to confift of a Hall, or Chamber of Guards, Aula Tnetoriana ; an Anti-chamber, tProcamera ; a Chamber, Camera ; a Cabinet, Conclave ; and a Gallery, Tortious. See Apartment.
Hall is alfo a public Building, erected for the Admini- ftration of the Policy and Juttice of a City, or Corpora- tion. — In this Senfe we fay the 'Town-Hall, a Company's Hall, &c.
Guild-HAiL, is a ftatcly Building in the City of London, and the great Court of Judicature for that City. See Court and Gvihn-Hall.
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