YEO
Paper and Ivory apply'd near the Fire, become fuc-
ceftively yellow, red, and black Silk, when turn'd
yellow, is whiten'd with the Fumes of Sulphur. See White, Whiteness, SSc.
YELLow.in Dying, is one of the five fimple and mother Colours. See Dying. ff
For the fineft Yellows, they fitft boil the Cloth, or Shift in Allum and Pot-Afhes j then, give the Colour with Goud. See Gone.
Turmeric likewife gives a good Tellow, tho' not the
belt There is alfo an Indian Wood that gives a
yellow Colour bordering on Gold. A fourth fort of Tel-
low is made with Savoury, but this is inferiour to them all.
Greens are ufually made of Tellow and Blue mixed. See Green. .
With Tellow, red of Madder, and that of Goats-Hair prepared with Madder, are made the gold Tellow, Aaron, 'thought colour, Nacarate, Ifabella, and Chamois-colour; which are all Cafls or Shades of Tellow.
Painters and Enamellers make their Tellow of MaJJkot, which is Cerufs rais'd by the Fire; or with Oker. See Enamel and Enameling.
Limners and Colourers make it with Saffron, and French Berries, Orcanette, &c.
Sramton obferves, it was antiently the Cuftom to paint a Man's Door yellow, and ftrew his Houfe with Salt; to de- clare him Trayror to his King.
The Word is fbrm'd from the Italian giallo, or the Ger- man geel, or the Latin galbanus.
Yellow, or FrenchSerries; fee Berries.
Yellow Jaundice; fee Jaundice.
YELLOWS, aDifeafe in a Horfe, the fame with that eall'd Jaundice in Man. See Jaundice.
There are two kinds of it, theycllow and the black. .
The Tellows is a very frequent Diforder, fay the Farriers, arifing from Obftruflions in the Gall-pipe, or the little Dufls opening into the fame, occafion'd by vifcid or gritty Matters lodged therein, or a Plenitude and Compreffionof
[ 388 ] Y O I
The Officers and Teomen are at the difpofal of the Cap. tain, but the Captain at the Appointment of the King.
YERKING, in the Manage, is when a Horfe ftrikes with his hind Legs, or flings and kicks back with his whole hind Quarters; ftretching out the two Legs nearly together and even. See Am, Sault, &c.
YEST, or Barm, a Head, or Scum riling upon Beer, or Ale, while working or fermenting in the Vat. See Brew- ing, MKit-Liquor, &c.
It is ufed for a Leven or Ferment in the baking of Bread; as ferving to fwell or puff it up very confiderably i n a little Time, and to make it much lighter, fofter, and more delicate When there is too much of it, it renders the Bread bitter. See Bread and Baking.
The ufe of Tefi in Bread is but of late Handing among us t 'Tis not above eighty Years fincc the Avarice of the Bakers firft introduced it; and then it was only done by Health Tho' 'Pliny witneffes it to have been ufed by the antient Gauls.
The Faculty of Medicine at Paris, by a Decree of the 24th of March i<>88, folemnly maintain'd it noxious to the Health of the People 5 yet could not that prevent its Pro- grefs. SeeBEER.
YEZDEGERDIC Tear, an Epocha thus eall'd. See Year and Epocha.
YGROMETER; fee Hygrometer.
YIELDING and faying, a Law-Phrafe, form'd by cor- ruption from the Saxon Geldan, and Gildan, to pay —
Hence in Domefday, Gildare isfrequently ufed for Solvere, Reddere, the Saxon G being often miflaken for a Y. Seo Geld and Gild.
YQUETAYA, in Natural Hiflory, a Plant in Sraftl, long ufed as a Medicine in that Country; and lately dif- covered to the Europeans by a French Surgeon.
It has been fince found in France, where being cultivated and examined by M. Marchant, it appears to be a kind of Scrophulary or Blood-Nettle.
It has this remarkable Property, that it takes away from
the neighbouring Blood-veffels; by means whereof, the Senna all its ill tafte and fmell, which Property ofcorreamg Matter that fhould be turn'd into Gall, is taken up by the the Infufion of Senna was unknown in the Scrophulary. See Vein, and carried back into the Mafs of Blood; which it Senna.
tinclures yellow : So that the Eyes, infide of the Lips, and other parts of the Mouth capable of fhewing the Colour, up-pzar yellow.
The Effect whereof is, that a Horfe will be dull, heavy, and low-fpirited; eafily jaded by the leaft Labour or Ex- crcifc &jC*
YEOMEN, Yemen, Yomen, the firft or higheft De- gree of the Commons or Plebeians of England; and thofe next in order to the Gentry. See Commons and Gen tle-
To ufe this Plant, it muft be dried ten or twelve days in the Shade, and afterwards expofed to the Sun till quite dry.
YNCA, Yncan, orlNCA, a Name antiently given to the Kings of Tern, and the Princes of their Blood : The Word fignifying literally Lord, King, Emperor, and Royal
The King himfelf was particularly eall'd Cafac Tnca, i. e. Great Lord— His Wife Pallas, and the Princes limply Tncas.
Thefe Tnca's, before the arrival of the Spaniards, were
The Teomen are properly the Freeholders, who have exceedingly powerful Their People rever'd 'em to
excefs, as believing them to be Sons of the Sun, and never to have committed any fault.
If any Perfon offended the Royal Majefly in the fmalleft Matter, the City he belong'd to was totally demoli/hed.
When they travelled, whatever Chamber they lay in on the Road, was wall'd up as foon as they departed, that
no body might ever enter it, after them. -The like was
done to the Room wherein the King died; in which, like- wife, all the Gold, Silver, and precious Furniture were im- mured, and a new Apartment built for his Succeflbr.
Their beloved Wives, Domefticks, cifc. likewife facrificed themfelves, and were buried alive in the fame Tomb along with him. See the Hiflory of the Yncas by Garcilaflb de la Vega. ,
YOAK, or YOKE, in Agriculture, a Frame of Wood, fitted over the Necks of Oxen; whereby they are coupled together, and harnefs'd to the Plough, &c. See Plough.
It confifts of feveral Parts; as, the Take properly fo eall'd, which is a thick piece of Wood lying over the Neck; the Sow, which compafles the Neck about; the Stitchings and Wreathings, which hold the Bow faft in the Take 5 and the Toke-Ring and Ox-Chain.
The Romans made the Enemies they fubdued, faft ttn- dertheToke, whichthey call'djf^ jugum mittere : Thatis, they made them pafs under a lort of Furcte Patibtdares, or Gallows, confifting of a Pike, or other Weapon laid a-crofs. two others planted upright in the Ground— — This done,
Land of their own; fo eall'd from the German Gemen, or Gemain, thatis, common.
According to Sir 'Thomas Smith, a Yeoman is a free-born Englijhman, who may lay out of his own free Land in yearly Revenue, to the Sum of forty Shillings Sterling.
The Yeomanry of England are capable of holding Lands of their own to a good value; are adjudged capable of cer- tain Offices, as Conflables, Church-Wardens, Jury-men, to vote in Elections to Parliament, and to ferve in the Army.
The Yeomen were famous in antient times for Military- Valour, being particularly expert at the Management of the Bow; whence the Infantry was compofed chiefly of them. See Archer. ■_
In many Cafes, the Law conceives a better Opinion of the Yeomanry that occupy Lands, than of Tradefmen, Ar- tificers, &c. See Freeholder.
By a Statute 1 Hen. a. it is enaflcd, that no Tcoman fhalltake or wear a Livery of any Lord upon pain of Impri- fonment, and a Fine at the King's Pl'eafure,
The Word Tongman is ufed for Tcoman in the Statute 3 3 Hen. 8. and in old Deeds it is fometimes .vritten jfeman.
Yeoman is alfo a Title of Office in the King's Houlhold, of a middle Place ot Rank between an Ufher and a Groom. See Usher and Groom.
Such are the Teomen of the Chandry; Teomen of the
Scullery; Teomen of the Stirrop, iSic. See Houshold.
Yeomen Warders; fee Warders of the Tower.
Yeomen of the Gua'rd,ptopedy eall'd Teomenof theGuari they treated' 'em with Humanity enough, andfent'emhome of the King's Body, were antiently 250 Men of the beft again. SeeFuRCA.
Rank under Gentry, and of larger Statute than ordinary; everyone being required to be fix Foot high. See Guard.
At prefent there ate but one hundred Teomen in conftant Duty; and feventy more not in Duty; and as any of the hundred die, hisPlaceis fupply'd out of the feventy.
They go clad after the manner of King Henry the
Eighth's time They had Diet as well as Wages, when
in Waiting; but this was taken off in the Reign ofQ^Anne,
Their Attendance is on the Sovereign's Perfon, both at home and abroad; and they have a Room allotted for them only, eall'd the Guard-Chamber.
= The fame Meafure wasfometimes dealt 'em by their Ene- mies, upon the fame Occafion Thus Ctfar, Lib. 2.
obferves, that the Conful L. Cajflus had been kill'd by the Swift, his Army defeated, and made pafs under the Took. Yoako/" Land, Jugata Terr£, in our antient Cuftoms, was the Space which a Tote of Oxen, that is, two Oxen, may plough in one day. See Jugata, Hide, Yard- Land, &c.
YOIDES, orHvoiDKs, in Anatomy, a Bone fituate at the Root of the Tongue, and compofed of divers little Bones united by Cartilages which fometimes oflify. See Tongue. It
