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very little beyond particular Matter of Fact j and there- fore it is Matter of Doubt^ that how far foever human Induilry may advance ufeful and experimental Philofo- phy in Phyfical Things, yet fcientifical will (till be out of our reach \ becaufe we want perfect and adequate Ideas of thofe very Bodies which are neareil to us, and jnoft at our Command. This, at firft fight, ibews us how difprbportionate our Knowledge is to the whole Ex- tent, even of material Beings : to which, if we add the Consideration of that infinite Number of Spirits that may be, and probably are, which are yet more re- mote from our Knowledge, and whereof we have no cogni- zance '■) we /hall find this Caufe of Ignorance conceals from us, in an impenetrable Obfcurity, almoft the whole In- tellectual World ; agreater, certainty a more beautiful World, than the material : For abating fome very few Ideas of Spirit, which wc get from our own Mind by Reflection, , and from thence the beft we can collect, of the Father of all Spirits, the Author of them, and us, and all things, we have no certain Information, fo much as of the Ex- jftence of other Spirits, but by Revelation ; much lefs have we diftinct Ideas of their different Natures, States, Powers, and feveral Conflitutinns, wherein they agree, or differ one from another, and from us : and therefore in what concerns their different Species and Properties, we arc under an abfolute Ignorance,
The fecond Caufe of hnorance, is the want of difcove- rable Connexion between thofe ideas we have: where we want that, we are utterly incapable of univcrfal and certain Knowledge, and are, as in the former Cafe, left only to Obfervation ar.d Experiment. Thus the mecha- nical Affectionsof Bodies, having no Affinity at all with the Ideas they produce in us, we can have no diftinct Knowledge of fuch Operations beyond our Experience, and can reafon no otherwife about them, than as the Ef- fects or Appointment of an infinitely wife Agent, which perfectly furpafs our Comprehensions. The Operation of our Minds upon our Bodies is as unconceivable : How any Thought fhould produce a Motion in Body, is as re- mote from the Nature of our Ideas, as how any Body ibould produce any Thought in the Mind. That it is fo, if Experience did not convince us, the Consideration of the Things thcmfelves would never be able, in the leaft, todifcover to us. In fome of our Ideas there are certain Relations, Habitudes, and Connections, fo vifibly included in the nature of the Ideas themfelves, that we cannot conceive them feparable from them by any Power whatfoever 5 in thefe only we are capable of certain and univerfal Knowledge. Thus the Idea of a right-lined Triangle neceffarily carries with it an Equality of its An- gles to two right ones ; but the Coherence and Conti- nuity of the Parts of Matter, the Production of Senfation in us, of Colours and Sounds, &c. by Impulfe and Mo- tion, being fuch wherein we can difcover no natural Con- nection with any Ideas we have, we cannot but afcribe them to the arbitrary Will and Good-Pleafure of the wife Architect. The Things that we obferve conflantly to proceed regularly, we may conclude do act by a Law fet them 5 but yet by a Law we know not, whereby tho Caufes work fteadily, and Effects conflantly flow from them, yet their Connections and Dependencies being not difcoverable in our Ideas, we can have but an experimen- tal Knowledge of them. Several Effects come every day within the notice of our Senfes, of which we have fo far fenfitive Knowledge; but the Caufes, Manner, and Certainty of their Production, we raufl, for the foregoing Reafons, be content to be ignorant of. In thefe we can go no further than particular Experience informs us of Matter of Fact, and, by Analogy, guefs what Effects the like Bodies are upon other Trials like to produce. But as to perfect Science of natural Bodies ('not to men- tion fpiritual Beings) we are fo far from being capable of any fuch thing, that it may be reckoned loft Labour to feek after it.
The third Caufe of Ignorance, is our want of tracing thofe Ideas we have, or may have 5 and finding out thofe intermediate Ideas, which may fliew us what Habitude of Agreement or Difagreement they may have one with another ? and thus many are ignorant of Mathematical Truths for want of Application, in enquiring, examin- ing, and by due ways comparing thofe Ideas. See Know- ledge.
ILIAC, a Term in Phyfick, applied to a violent and dangerous Difeafe, called the Iliac Fajfion, or Mferere. It confifls in an Expalfion of feculent Matter by the Mouth, accompanied with a Swelling of the lower Ven- tricle, an intenfe Pain, and a total Conftipation. The immediate Caufe of the Iliac Paffion feems owing to an Irregularity in the Periftaltic Motion of the Guts, viz. when it begins with the lower, and is continued to the hieher. Orher Caufes are the Hardnefs of the Excre- ments, Inflammation of the Inteftines, and their Engage-
ment in the Anus or Scrotum, as it frequently happens in Hernia's, their twilling, and their entering within one another. Perfons afflicted with the Iliac Tajjhn, have fometimes been found to return Suppositories and Glitters by the Month. Some have been cured of it by f wallow- ing a great Quantity of Quick -filver, or a Musket-Ball : When the Guts are twifted,or enter one within another, the Weight of thefe Bodies fometimes letting them to rights again. The Iliac J\3^Tow takes its Name from the Inteifine Won, in regard of its being ufually affected in that Dif- temper, or perhaps from the Green Verb ethny, to twrf, twift 5 whence alfo the Latins call it Volvulus.
ILIAC VESSELS. See Artery and Vein.
ILIACUSEXTERNUS, or fyrifbromis, isaMufcleof the Thigh, which arifes from the internal concave Part of the Os Sacrum, towards the bottom, and defending ob- liquely along the great Sinus of the Os Ilium, from a round flefhy Origin,"" joins the Gluusus Mcdius, and is in- ferred by a round Tendon at the Bottom of the Great Trochanter.
ILIACUS INTERNUS, the Name of theMufele of the Thigh, which ariies flefhy from the internal concave Part oftheOj Ilium 5 and in its Defcent over the inferior Part of it, joins with: the Ffoas magma, and is inferred with it, under the Termination of the PeBinetts. This, with the Pj'oas magnus, moves the Thigh forward, in walking.
ILIAD, the Name of the firft of flower's Poems. The Poet's Defignin the Iliad, was to fhew the Greeks, who were divided into feveral little States, how much it was their Intereit to preferve an Harmony and good Under- Handing among them. In order to which, he fets before their Eyes, the Calamities that befel rheir Ancestors from the Wrath of Achilles, and his Mifunderftanding with Agamemnon, and the Advantages that accrued to them from their Union. The Iliad is divided into twenty four Books, which are marked with the Letters of the Alpha- bet. Pliny gives us an Account of an Iliad written on fo very flender a Paper, that the whole might be con- tained in a Nut-fhell. For the Conduct of the Iliad, fee F.Boftit, Madam Dacier, and M. de laMotte. The Critics maintain the Iliadtobc the firft, and yet the beft Poem that ever appeared in the World. Jriftoile's Poetics are almoft taken wholly from it 5 the Philofophcr had no- thing to do but to form Precepts from the Poet's Prac- tice. Some Authors tell us, that Homer invented not on- ly Poetry, but all other Arts and Sciences 5 and that there are the vifible Marks of a perfect Knowledge in every one of them, to be feen in the Iliad. The ingenious Mr. Karnes of Cambridge had prepared a Work for the Prefs, to prove Solomon to have been the Author of the Iliad. The word is derived from the Greek /A/if, of \mov. Ilium, Troy, a famous City in Aj'ia, which the Greeks be- fieged for the fpacc of ten Years, and at laft deftroyed, on account of the Rape of Helena, which makes the Sub- ject of the Work.
ILIUM. See Inteji'tnes.
ILIUM OS. See Offa Innominata. Thefe are both de- rived from «Asft>, circt'.mvofoo, to roll about j becaufe the Gut, which is principally called by this Name, is long, and lies in Folds towards the bottom of the Abdomen, and therefore gives many of the adjacent Parts thefe Ap- pellations.
ILLEVlABLE in Law, fignifies fomething that cannot be levied, and therefore the word 'Nihil is fet on a Debt or Due that is illeviable.
ILLUMINATION, the Adion 'of a luminous Body, or Body that emits Light, or the Paffion of an opake Bo- dy that receives it.
ILLUMINED, a Church-Term, antiently applied to fuch Perfons as had received Baptifm. This Name was occafioned by a Ceremony in Baptifm, which confifled in putting a lighted Taper in the Hand of the Perfon bap- tized, as a Symbol of the Faith and Grace he had re- ceived in the Sacrament.
ILLUMINED, is alfo the Name of a Sect of Here- ticks, who fprang up in Spain about the Year 1575, and called by the Spaniards, Jlumbrados. Their Leaders were Villalfando, a Prieft, originally of the Ijle of Tenarif, and a Carmelite called Catherine de Jefus. Thefe had a great Number of Difciples and Followers, moil of whom were apprehended, and clapp'd up in the Inquifi- tion at Cordoua ; fome whereof were put to death, and the reft abjured their Errors. Their principal Doctrines were, That by means of a fublime manner of Prayer, which they had attained to, they entered into fo perfect a State, that they had no occafion for Ordinances, Sa- craments, nor good Works, and that they could give way, even to the vileft Actions without Sin. The Sect of Illu- mined was revived in France in the Year 1634, and were foon after joined by the Guerinets, or Difciples of Teter Guer'w, who together, made but one Body, called al- fo Mummed; but they were fo hotly purfued by Louis XIII.
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