P A V
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PAU
vire, to beat down the Earth, in order to make it firm and
XaEnglanA. the Pavements of the Grand Streets, &. are ufually Flint, 'or Pebble; Courts, Equeries, Kitchins, Halls, Churches, &c. Tiles, Bricks, Flags, or Fire-Stone ; lome- rimes a Kind of Free-Stone, and Rag-Stone. See Stone.
In fome Cities, E.gr. Venice,^ Streets, &. are paved with Brick; Churches fometimes with Marble, and iome- times with Mofaic-Work, as the Churches of St. Mark at
In Frame, the public Roads, Streets, Courts, l$c. ate paved with Gres, a Kind of Free-Stone.
In Amsterdam, and the chief Cities of Holland, they call their Brick 'Pavement the »M0X«er *Jfe« Pavement, to diffinguifh it from the Stone or Flint Pavement, which utual- ly takes up the Middle of the Street and which ferves tor Carriages! the Brick which borders it being deftined for the Paffage of People on Foot. ,
PwementS of Free-Stone, Flint, and Flags in Streets &fo are laid dry, i. e. are retained in a Bed of Sand ; thole ot Courts, Equeries, Ground Rooms, &. are laid in a Mortar of Lime and Sand ; or in Lime and Ciment, efpecially it there be Vaults or Cellars underneath. . ,
Some Mafons, after laying a Floor dry, efpecially ot Brick, fprcad a thin Mortar over it ; fweeping it backwards and tor- wards to fill up the Joints. .
Thirty two Statute Bricks laid flat pave a Yard fquare ; 64 of Edge wife, .
The Square Tiles us'd in Paving, call'd Paving-bricks, are of various Sizes, from 6 to 12 Inches Square. See Bricks.
Pavements of Churches, tic frequently confiil ot Stones of feveral Colours; chiefly black and white, and in fe- veral forms, chiefly Square, and Lozange, artfully difpofed.
Indeed, there needs no great variety of Colours to make a furprizing variety of Figures and Arrangements. M. Tru- chet, in the Memoirs of the Wrench Academy, has /hewn by the Rules of Combination, that two Square-Stones divided diagonally into two Colours, may be join'd together Checquer- wifc 64 different Ways; which appears furpriiing enough; fincc two Letters or Figures are only combined two Ways.
The Reafon is, that Letters only change their Situation with regard to firfl and fecond; the Top and Bottom remain- ing theiame: But in the Arrangement of thefe Stones, each admits of four feveral Situations, in each whereof the other Square may be chang'd 16 Times, which gives 64 Combina-
Indeed, from a further Examination of thefe 64 Combina- tions, he found there were only 32 different Figures; each Figure being repeated twice in the fame Situation, tho in a different Combination ; fo that the two only dift'er'd from each other by the Tranfpofition of the darker or higher Squares.
SceCoMBINATION.
pavement of a Terrafs , is that which ferves tor the covering of a Platform ; whether it be over a Vaulr, or on a Wooden Floor. See Terr Ass.
Thofe over Vaults are ufually Stones fquared, and bedded in Lead.
Thofe on Wood, call'd by the Latins Pavimenta contigna- ta, arc either Stones with Beds for Bridges; Tiles for Ceilings in' Rooms, or Lays of Mortar, made of Ciment and Lime, with Flints or Bricks laid flat, as is /till prafiis'd by the Eaf- tcrn and Southern People a Top of their Houfes. See Plat- Form. '
All thofe 'Pavements which lye open, are call d by the La- tins Pavimenta fubdialia.
Mojaic Pavement. See Mosaic Work.
•Projection, or PerfpctJive of a PAVEMENT, See Perspective.
PAVILLION, in Architecture, from the Italian Padi- glione, Tent, of the Latin Papilw ; fignifies a Turret, or Building ufually infulated, and under a Angle Root; fome- times Square; and fometimes in form of a Dome.
pavillions are fometimes alfo projecting Pieces, in the Fa- cade of a Building, marking the Middle thereof ; fometimes the Pavillion flanks a Corner, in which Cafe 'tis call'd An- gular Pavillion. The 'Louvre is flank'd with four Pavillions. 'Pavillions are ufually higher than the red ot the Building.
There are Pavillions built in Gardens ; popularly call'd Summer-houfes, Pleafurc-houfes, t§c.
There are Catties or Forts which only confift in a fingle Pavillion.
Pavillion, in War, a Tent, rais'd on Potts, to lodge under in the Summer-time. See Tent.
Pavillion, is alfo us'd in the General, for Flags, Colours, Enfigns, Standards, Banners, He. all which, Authors ufually confound with one another. See Flag, Ensign, Stand- ard, Banner.
The Cultom of bearing pointed Pavillions, as at prefent, firft came from the Malrmctan Arabs, at the Time they firfl: feiz'd on Spain.
Till then, all Colours were ftretch d on crois Pieces like Thurch Banners 5 whence they were call'd in Latin, Vexilla quafi Velilla, a Diminutive of Vela, Sails.
The Pirates all along the Coafl of the Atlantic and Sarba* ry, bear Hexagonal 'Pavillions. 'Tis Gules, charg'd with a little 'Lurk, drefs'd in his !7«/'£tfra; tho' contrary to their Law which prohibits the making any Image of a Man ; from an Opinion that thofe who make the Figure here, will be oblig'd to furni Ih a Soul to the Figure at the Day of Judgement, or in Default thereof be damn'd.
But this Portrait it fecms is that of Jiali Snlficar, Maho- tfievs Son in-law, to whofe Party the Africans adhere; and who appointed his Piet ure to be reprefented on their Banners 5 imagining himfeif fo terrible to the Chrittians, that a mere View of his Image wou'd put 'em to flight 5 as we are told by Lcu'iclavius.
Pavillion, in Heraldry, a Covering in form of a Tent, which invetls, or wraps up the Armories of divers Kings and Soveraigns, depending only on God and tiieir Sword. The French Heralds hold, that none but SoveraignMonarchs may bear the Pavillion intire, and in all its parts.
It confifts of two Parts, the Top, which is the Chapeau, or Coronet, and the Curtain which makes the Cloak. 1 hofe who are Elective, or have any Dependance, fay the Heralds, muff take off the Head, and retain nothing but the Curtains.
The Ufe at Pavillions and Cloaks in Armories is derived from the ancient Lambrequins, which are fometimes found ftretch'd out in form of Coverings; and tuck'd back on either Side.
Others will have it derived from the ancient Tournaments, wherein were expofed the Arms of the Knight in rich Ta- peflry Work, on Tents and Pavillions, which the Chiefs of the Quadrils rais'd to fhelter 'emfelves, till the Time of en- tring the Lifts.
PAULIANISTS, a Sea of Hereticks, fo call'd from their Founder Paulas Samofatenus, a Native of Samofata, elected Bifhop of Anlioch in 262.
This Hereiiarch denied the Diftinction of Perfons in the Trinity, with Sabellius;and taught with Artemon that the Word deicended into Jefus ; and that after having perform 'd by him what he deiir'd to do, he re-afcended to his Father.
He deiiinguilh'd two Perfons in J. C. the Word and the Chri/t: The latter, according to him, was only God in re- gard of his Holinefs ; accordingly he did not baptize in the Name of the Father and Son, Use For which Reafon the Council of Nice order'd thofe baptized by him to be re- baptized.
Being condemn'd by Dionyfius Alexandrians, in a Council; •he abjured his Errors to avoid Depofition ; but foon after r@- fum'd 'em,and was actually depos'd by another Council in27o.
PAUL1CIANS, a Branch of the ancient Manichees; fo call'd from their Chieftain, one Paidusxa Armenian, in the Vllth Century. See Manichee.
The paulicians by their Number, and the Countenance of the Emperor Nicephorus,' became formidable to all the Eaft.
To the other Opinions of the Manichees, they are faid to have added an Abhorrence of the Crois ; and to have em- ploy 'd it in the moft fervile Offices, out of defpight.
The Emprefs Theodora, Tutrefs of theEmperor Michaelia 84.5, wou'd oblige 'em either to be converted, or to quit the Empire : Upon which feveral of 'em were put to Death, and more retired among the Sarazens ; but they were not all ex- terminated.
Towards the End of the ninth Century, they were able to maintain Waragainfl theEmperor Safil; and even preach'd long after this in Bulgaria ; whence they fpread itfto feveral other Parts of Europe.
The Paulicians were alfo call'd Publicans, and Poplicans. See Publican. £&'.
PAVO, in Aftronomy. See Peacock'.
P4UPER, in Law, See Forma Pauperis
PAUSARY, PAUSARIUS, in ancient Rome, an Of- ficer, who in the folemn Pomps or Proceflions of the Goddefs Pis, directed the Stops or Paufes.
In thefe Ceremonies, there were frequent Stands at Places prepared for the Purpofe ; wherein the Statues of Ifis and Auubis were fet down, much after the Manner of the reflina Places in the Proceffion of the Holy Sacrament in the Romip Church.
Thefe Refls were call'd Manjiones ; the Regulation where- of was the Office of the Paufarii.
From an Infcription quoted by Salmafius, it appears that the Romans had a kind of College or Corporation of Paufa- ries. See Coll ege.
The Name Paufary was alfo given to an Officer in the Roman Gallies, who gave the Signal to the Rowers, and mark'd the Times and Paufes ; to the End they might act in concert, and row all together.
This was done with a Mufical Inflrument. Hyginus fays, that in the Ship Argo, Orpheus did the Office with his Lute.
PAUSE, a Stop, or Ceffation offpeaking, tinging, play- ing, tie.
The Ufe of Pointing in Grammar, is to make proper Paufes in certain Places. See Pointing.
There isa Paufe in the Middle of each Verfej in a Hemif- tic, 'tis call'd the Reft or Repofe. The
