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iitc Efforts ; the Solution or Cataftrophe commences when the Knot begins to unravel, and the Difficulties and Doubts begin to clear up. The Intrigue of the Iliad is twofold 3 the firft comprehends the three Days fighting in Jcbill&& Abfencc, and confifts, on the one fide, in the Re- finance ot Agamemnon and the Greeks, and on the other in the inexorable Temper of Achilles, The Death of Fa- troefas unravels this Intrigite, and makes the beginning of a fecond. Achilles refolves to be revenged, but Hetlor op- pofes his Defign, and this forms the fecond Intrigue, which is the laft Day's Battel. In the JEneid there are alfo two Intrigues 3 the firft is taken up in the Voyage and Landing of JEneas in Italy, the fecond in his Eftablifhment there. The Oppofition he met with from Stono, in both thofe Un- dertakings, forms the Intrigue. As to the Choice of the Intrigue, and the Manner of unravelling it, 'tis certain they ought both to fpring naturally from the Ground and Subject of the Poem. BoJ/u gives us three Manners of forming the Intrigue of a Poem ; the firft is that already mentioned ■■, the fecond is taken from the Fable and the Defign of the Poet 5 in the third the Intrigue is fo laid, as that the Solution follows from it of courfe. See Cata- ftrophe.
INTRINSIC, a Term applied to the inner, real, ge- nuine Values, Properties, &c. of any thing, in oppofition to their extrinfic, apparent, or popular Values, &c.
1NTRONATI, the Name of an Academy at Sienna in Italy. The Members of this Academy contented them- felves, at their firft Inftitution, with e flab liming the fol- lowing fix ftiort Laws: (1.) To pray. (2.) To ftudy. (5.) To be merry. (4.) To offend no body. (5.) Not to credit too lightly. (6.) To let the World talk.
INTRUSION, in the Canon Law, fignifies the Enjoy- ment of a Benefice, or the Exerrife of an Office, with- out a good Title to it. Intrusion difcuialifies the Party from ever holding the Benefice. The word is derived from the L&tin Verb intruder?, to thruil in, or enter by Force.
INVALID, a Per fon wounded, maimed, or difabled for Action by Age. At Chelfea and Greenwich are magnifi- cent Hofpitals, or rather Colleges, built for the Recep- tion and Accommodation of Invalids, or Soldiers wore out and difabled in the Service. At Paris is a College of the fame kind, called ks Invaltdes, which is accounted one of the fined Buildings in that City.
INVECTED, in Heraldry, fignifies the juft Reverfe o£ Engrail' dj which fee.
INVENTION, a Subtilty of Mind, or fomewhat pecu- liar in a Man's Genius, which leads him to the Dilcovery of things that are new.
Invention, in Rhetoric, fignifies the finding out, and the Choice of Arguments which the Orator is to ufe for the proving of his Point, or the moving of his Hearers Paffions, Invention, according to Cicero, h the principal Part of Ora- tory. He wrote four Books He Inveniione, whereof we have but two remaining. This Invention of the Orators cannot, according to my Lord Bacon, be properly called Invention 5 to invent is to difcover things not yet known, not to recol- lect thofe that are 5 whereas the Ufe and Office of this Rhetorical Invention is only out of the Stock of Know- ledge laid up in the Mind, to felect fuch Articles as make for 'the purpofe. The fame Author divides this Faculty of Invention into two Parts, the one topical, the other promp- tuary ; the firft points out the way in which we arc to purfue the Argument, the latter only lays up and difpofes thjftigs, for which we have frequent occafion in the Mind.
Invention, in Poetry, is understood of every thing, that the Poet adds to the Hiftory of the Subject he has cWeh, and of the Turn that he gives it.
Invention, in Painting, is the Choice which the Painter makes of the Ojects that are to enter the Compofition of his Piece. D« Vile obferves, that Invention is different from Difpofition, and that 'tis thofe two things together that form Compofition : For after having made a good Ch liceof Objects proper for the Subject, they may be ill— difpofed j and then too' the Invention be never fo good, the Difpofition or Ordonnance will be faulty, and the Piece will difpleafe. Of all the Parts of Painting, Inven- tion, doubtlefs, is that which gives the Painter the faireft Occafions of fhewina his Genius, his Imagination, and good Senfe. l\\.T'ehbien gives the general Name Inven- tion to every thing that depends on the Genius of the Painter, as the Ordonnance, the Difpofition of the Sub- ject, and even the Subject itfelf, when it is new. But the Term Invention, taken in this Senfe, is no Term pe- culiar to Painting, but agrees alfo to other Arts. In ano- ther place M. Felihien diftinguifhes Invention into two kinds; to wit, that which arifes immediately from the Mind of the Painter, ana that which he borrows from fome other. The firft is, when he invents the Subject himfelf, and the fecond when he borrows it from Hiftory, Fable, £5>c. but he always affixes the fame Idea to In- vention.
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3««/o« d'JImeloveen has written on Onomafticon of In- ventions, wherein are /hewn, in an Alphabetical Order, the Names of the inventors, and the Time, Place, iyc. where they were made. P-tnciroUus has written a Trea- tife of old Inventions that are lolt, and new ones that have- been made : Polydore Virgil has alfo publilhed fix Books of the Inventions of Things.
INVENTORY, in Law, is a Catalogue or Repertory orderly made of all a dead Man's Goods and Chattels, prized by four or more credible Men, which every Exe- cutor or Adminiilrator is obliged to exhibit to the Ordi- nary at fuch time as he fhall appoint. The Ufe of the Inventory is borrow'd from the Civil Law, for whereas by the Law of the antient Romans, the Heir was obliged to anfwer all the Teftator's Debts; by which means, Heri- tage fometimes became rather prejudicial than profit- able : To obviate this Inconvenience, "jupiitian ordained, That if the Heir would firll exhibit a true Inventory of all the Tellator's Effects, he fhould be no farther charged than to the Value of the Inventory.
Inventory, in Trade, is a Lift or particular Valuation of Goods, ££?{;.
INVERSE is understood of a manner of working the Rule of Three, or of Proportion, that feems to be in- verted, or to go backwards. In the Rule of Three di- rect, the firft Term is to the fecond, as the third is to the fourth ; that is, if the fecond be greater than the third, or lefs than the firft, in any Proportion, the fourth is lefs than the third in the fame Proportion. But in the Inverfe Rule, the fourth Term is as much greater than the third, as the fecond is lefs than the firft. In the inverfe Rule, therefore, the Proportion is not, as the firft is to the fe- cond, fo is the third to the fourth ; but as the fourth is to the firft, fo is the fecond to the third. For inllance, in the Direcf Rule we fay, If three Yards of Tapeftry coft twenty Pound, how many will fix coft ? The Anfwer is for- ty. IntheJKtcr/eRulewe fay, If twenty Workmen make ten Yards in four Days, in how many Days will forty do it ? The Anfwer is in two Days.
INVERSE PROPORTION. See Prof onion.
INVERSION, an Action, by which any thing is nv verted, or turned backwards. Problems in Geometry and Arithmetic are often proved by Inverfion, or making a con- trary Rule or Demonilration.
INVERSION, in Grammar, is where the Words of a Phrafe are ranged in a manner, not fo natural as they might be; forinftance, Of all Vices the moft abomina- ble, and that which leaft becomes a Man, is Impurity. Here's an Inverfun ; the natural Order is this, The moft abominable of all Vices, and that which leaft becomes a Man, is Impurity. An hiverfton is not always difagreea- ble, but fometimes has a good Effect, and' is ufed with Defign.
INVEST fignifies to confer on any one the Title of a Fee, Dignity or Office, or to ratify and confirm what has been obtained elfewhere. The Emperor pretends to a Right of inverting feveral Princes both in Germany and Italy. There was formerly a particular Ceremony for the invefting of Biftiops.
Invejr, in the military Art, fignifies the opening of the Siege of a Place, and the incamping an Army round it to block up all its Avenues, and to prevent all Ingrefs and Egrefs. 'Tis the Cavalry that always begin to inveji a Place. The word comes from the Latin in and veftire, to clothe.
Inveji, in Law, fignifies to put in pofTeffion. A Te- nant is invejied by giving him a Verge or Rod into his Hands, and adminiflring an Oath, which is call'd Invejlinz. Others define it thus, Invejiire eft in fmtm Jus aliquem intro- ducers, to give Livery of Seifinor Poffeffion. See Inveftitttr:.
INVESTIGATION properly fignifies the fearching or finding any thing out by the Tracks or Prints of the Feet. Hence the Mathematicians and Schoolmen, 2?c. came to ufe the Term in their refpective Refearches. lnveftigation of a Theme is the Art, Method, or Manner of finding the Themes in Verbs, that is, the primitive Tenfe, Mode, and Perfon of any Verb, far removed from its Source. To underftand a Greek Author, 'tis abfolutely necef- fary to be well acquainted with the Method of invefti- gatinga Theme. This Theme, in the Greek Tongue, is the prcfent Tenl'e of the Indicative Mood. Clenard was the firft who introduced this Term into Grammar ; ho gives theTitleI«?e/?/jrfltio Thematis, to that part where he teaches the manner of fin ling whence any Perfon crTenfe of a Verb proceeds, and of reducing it to its primitive Diction, or of finding its Indicative.
INVESTITURE is ufed bothforthe Right of invefting any one, and the Act of invefting him. This confifts in receiving the Faith and Homage, bv which the Valfal becomes feized and poffefTed of a Fee by his Lord, Iit- vejiiture was antiently performed by a Form of Words, af- terwards by the Delivery of fuch things as had the neareft
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