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Friary Planets. For if the Orbit be eccentrical, it may happen- that the Satellite ihall be farther off from the Primary One in the Syzygies, and fo move flower than it does at the Quadratures : And when this is the Cafe, that the Satellite's Orbit is not a Circle concentrick to the Primary Orbit, but an Ellipfis, in one of whole Fo- cus'a the Primary Orbit is placed, rhen, the Motion of the Satellite will be fo difturbed by the Sun, that as it runs into its Orbit, the Apfes of the Orbit Jhall be moved ionie times in Confequentia, and iome times in Antecedentia (whereas the Nodes and Apies of the primary Planets are at rert). (3.) When the Plane of the Satellite's Orbit is inclined to the Plane of the Primary Orbit, the Line of the Nodes of the Secondary Orbir will be moved in Ante- adentitty with an Angular Motion, and an unequal Velo- city, fc r i* will recede molt fwiftly, when the Nodes are jn Quadrature to the Sun $ after which, it will move flower, and at the Time or the Nodes being in the Syzy- gies, will be perfectly at reil. (4.) The inclination alio of the Plane of the fecondary Orbit, to the primary One, will be continually varying, and will be greateit:, when the Nodes are in the Syzygies with the Sun, and leis {dttei is paribus) when they are in the Quadratures; and trom the Time of the Nodes being in the Syzygies, 10 the Quadratures, it will be always decreafing, and from the Time of their being in the Quadratures to the Syzygies, jt will be always increasing, and all thole Irregularicies, whether in any eccentrick or concentrick Orbit, will al- ways be ibmething greater, when the Satellite is in Con- junction with the 6un, than when he is in Oppoficion to him. See Planet.
SECONU1NE. See Secundine.
SECRETARY, an Officer, who, by Order of his Mailer, writes Letters, Difpatches, and other Instruments, which he renders Authentic by his Signature, Of thefe there are leveral Kinds - 7 as, Secretary of the King-, or of State ; Secretary of the Lord Chancellor 3 Secretary of }Var, &c. The King's Secretaries were anciently call'd the Kings Clerks and Notaries. As for the Name of Se- cretary t it was at firft applied to luch as being always near ~the King's Peribn, received his Commands, and were call'd Clerks of the Secret $ whence was afterwards form'd, the Word Secretary $ Regiafecretis : And as the great Lords gave to their Clerks the Quality of Secretaries ; thole who attended the King, were call'd, by way of Diftin&ion, Secretaries of the Commands 1 } Regi a Mandatis. This con- tinued till the Reign of our Henry VIII. 1659, when; at a Treaty of Peace between the French and Spaniards^ the former obferv'd, that the Spanifi Miniifers, who treated for Thilip II. called themlelves Secretaries of State. Upon which the French Secretaries des Comman- dments, out of Emulation, affumed the lame Title 5 which thence pafled into England.
Secretaries of State, Officers attending the King, for the Receipt and Difpatch of Letters, Grants, Peti- tions, and many of the molt important Affairs of the King- dom, both Foreign and Domellick.
Till the Reign of King Henry VIII. there was only one Secretary of State 5 bur then Bufinefs increafing, that tfrince appointed a Second Secretary j both of equal Power and Authority, and both ftilcd 'Principal Secretaries of 'State : Before Queen Elizabeth 's Time, they did not fit at the Council-Board ; but rhat Princefs admitted them 10 the Places of Privy Counfellors $ which Honour they have held ever fince, and a Council is never, or at leaft very feldorn, held without one of rhem. On the Union of England and Scotland, Queen Anne added a Third Secre- tary, on account of the great Increafe of Bufinefs, which, as to Britain, is equally and diflinclly ma- naged by all the Three, although the latter is frequent- ly ftild Secretary of State for North Britain : They have under their Management and Direction, the moft confi- derable Affiairs of the Nation, and are obliged to a con- Ham Attendance on the King; They receive and difpatch whatever comes to their Hands, be it for the Crown, the Church, the Militia, Private Grants, Pardons, Difpenfa- tions, &c. as ljkewife Petitions to rhe Sovereign, which, when read, are returned to the Secretaries for Anfwer, all which they difpatch according to the King's Com- mand and Direction. As to Foreign Affairs, they are divided into Two Provinces comprehending all the King- doms and Nations which have any Intercourfe or Bufinefs w 'di Great Britain ; each Secretary receiving all Letters an d Addreffes from and making all Difpatches to the feveral Princes and States comprehended in his Province : Which Divifion ftill fubfifts, notwithstanding the Addition °^ a Third Secretary. Ireland and the Plantations are <")der the Direction of the Elder Secretary, who has the &Whern Province. Of thefe Three Principal Secre- taries, the Two for South Britain, have each Two Under-
- fcr ttaries t and one chief Clerk 5 and the other for North
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■Britain one Unit* -Secretary, and one chief Clerk, with an uncertain Number of other Clerks and Tranflators all wholly depending of them.
The Secretaries of State have the Cuftody of that Seal, properly called the Signet ( See Signet ) and the Direflion of the Signet Office ; wherein are Four Clerks employ'd, who prepare fuch Things as are to pafs the Signet, in order to the Privy or Great Seal. All Grants figned by the King are returned hither, which, tranlcrib d, are carried to one of the Principal Secretaries of State, and leal'd, and then called Signets, which being directed to the Lord Privy Seal, are his Warrant. On the Secre- taries of State, is likewife dependant another Office, call'd The 'Paper Office, wherein all Public Writings, Papers Matters of State, fife- are preferved. See Paper Office. All the Under Secretaries and Clerks are in the Choice of ibe Secretary of State, without Referve toanyPeribn ; the former of which receives Orders and Directions from them, for writing Difpatches, Foreign and Domeflick, which they give to the Chief Clerk, who diilributes them to the Under-CIerks.
SECBXTARi-of an Bmhajjy, is a Peribn attending an Embaflador, for the writing of Dilpatches relating to the Negotiation. There is a deal of Difference between the Secretary of the Embaffy, and the Ambaffador's Secretary ; the laft is a Domeflick or Menial of the Ambaffador ; the firft a Seivant or Minifter of the Prince. See Embassador.
SECRETION, in Medicine, rhe AS, whereby the feveral Juices, or Humours in the Animal Body, are fepa- ratedfrom the Blood, by means of the Glands.
In the Bodies ot Animals, we obferve a great Number of Juices of different Natures, viz, the Blood, Lympha, Saliva, Stomach. liquor, inteltinal Juices, Panchreatic Juice, the Bile, Urine, (gc. Now, the Blood is the gene- ral Source of all ; and from it they are all Secerned by particular Organs, called Glands. The Manner, wherein this Secretion is effected, has been greatly enquired into in thefe laft Ages ; though not with the greateit Succels. The Ancient Phyficians, indeed, contented themfelves to affert certain particular Virtues or Faculties inherent in the feveral Wcera ; whereby they were determined to feparatc one Liquor rather than another : without troubling themfelves much about the Manner wherein it was done. But the Moderns, according to the Genius of their Philofophy, mutt have this Point clear 'd, and the Modus of Secretion rendered intelligible. Hence, as the exceeding Smallnefs of theie Organs prevented any regular Search, they have imagined various Manners of explain- ing them.
Some, full of the Effects they have obferved from Fer- mentations, maintain, that there are Ferments in the feveral Parts; by Aid whereof, certain Kinds of Panicles mix'd in the Blood, ate lepatated therefrom ; after the lame Man- ner as we fee in Mlljl, or new Wine; from which, while fer- menting, certain Parts are detach'd in form of Scum. But this Opinion has lb many Inconveniencies to grapple with- al, that'tis almoft univerfally abandoned. See Ferment.
Others confider the Glands as kinds of Sieves, whofe Holes having different Figures, will only let pafs certain Particles or Molecules, whole Figures referable 'hole of the Holes: but the Falfity of this Hypothecs was foon found out ; and it was thought fufficient to fix fome Pro- portion between the Diameters of the Pores and of the Molecules that were to pals through them, to account why very fubtile Parts fliould pals through the Glands, through which the Coarler could not pafs. Yet this Opi- nion was not found perfectly Satisfactory : For on this Sup- position, the moft liibtile Parts of the Blood muft pafs in fuch Quantity through the latgett Pores, that thete would not be enough left to furnifh the little ones with what they needed : And for the fame Reafon, thofe Parts whole Pores are biggeft, ought to furnifh Liquors much fuller of fubtile Parts than thofe whole Pores are fnuller, which yet is contrary to Experience. For the Serofity feparatcd in the Kidneys, under the Name of Urine, confitts of Parts much fubtiter and fiiialler than the Bile feparated in the Liver: Why then dfcn't this Serofity efcape in the Liver? the Pores whereof muft be much greater than thofe of the Kidneys. See Bile.
This Inconvenience, many Naturalifts being aware of, has made them have recourfe to Imbibition (if the Word may be allowed us for want of a better). They maintain, then, That befides the different Diameters of the Pores, 'tis required that the leveral Parts be already imbued or moiften'd with a Liquor like to that they are to filter. This Opinion is rather the Relult of Reaion than of Expe- riment and the Maintainers hereof, well pleas'd they had fomefhing to fatisTy their Reafon withal, never troubled themlelves whether it were true : Till M. Win/knv fell in- to it.
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Dr. Keif,
