BIERMANX dorf ; genre scenes from Italian Life ; Vales- ka, the Gipsy-Queen (1877); Esther (1880). Mailer, K, 50; Illustr. Zeitg. (1882), L 252 ; Rosenberg, Berl. Malersch., 323. BIERMANN, KARL EDUARD, born in Berlin, July 26, 1803. Landscape painter, studied from nature in Tyrol, Switzerland, and Italy, and became one of the founders of the Berlin school of landscape painting. He executed some of the wall paintings in the new Museum. Is member of and professor in the Berlin Academy. Works : Three Views from Switzerland and Tyrol (1830-32), National Gallery, Berlin ; View in Florence (1834); Milan Cathedral, Tasso's Oak (1830); Evening in the High Alps ; Isle of Phihe, Temple of Edfu, Temple Courtyard at Karnak, Ruins of Amphitheatre at Syra- cuse, Berlin Museum ; sixteen views from Diilmatia in water colours. Brockhaus, iii. 36 ; Meyer, Conv. Lex., iii. 451; Mttller, 50; Rosenberg, Berl. Malersch., 332. BIERSTADT, ALBERT, born in Dttssel- dorf, Germany, Jan. 7, 1830. Landscape painter ; brought by his parents in 1831 to New Bedford, Mass., where his youth was spent ; be- gan to paint in oils in 1851, went to Diis- seldorf in 1853, stud- ied four years there and in Rome. On his return to the United States in 1857 he made a sketching tour in the Rocky Mountains, and from this and other visits to the West gathered materials for his most important pictures. Again vis- ited Europe in 1867, 1878, and 1883. Elect- ed N.A. in 1860 ; medals in Austria, Ger- many, Bavaria, and Belgium ; L. of Honour, 1867 ; Order of St. Stanislaus, 1869, second j class, 1872. The Emperor of Germany re- cently sent his photograph with autograph to Mr. Bierstadt. Studio in New York. His studio at Irvington, N. Y., was destroyed by fire in 1882 with many valuable pictures. ' Works: Laramie Peak (1861), Academy of Fine Arts, Buffalo ; Rocky Mountains Lander's Peak (1863), James McHenry ; North Fork of the Platte (1864), Henry Hilton, New York ; Looking down the Yo- seniite (1865), W. H. Crosby ; El Capitau Merced River (1866), L. Tuckerman, New York; Storm in Rocky Mountains Mt. Rosalie (1866), T. W. Kennard ; Valley of the Yosemite (1866), James Lenox Collection, New York; Burning Ship, August Belmout, New York ; Settlement of California, Capi- tol at Washington ; Emerald Pool, Mt. Whitney (1870), Mrs. A. T. Stewart, New York; In the Rocky Mountains (1871); Great Trees of California (1874) ; Valley of Kern's River California (1875) ; Hermitage, St. Petersburg; Mt. Whitney Sierra Ne- vada (1#77), Lewis Roberts ; Estes Park Colorado, Earl of Duuraven ; Mountain Lake, Mt Corcoran Sierra Nevada (1878), Corco- ran Gallery, Washington ; Geysers (1883) ; Storm on the Matterhorn, View on Kern River (J.884); Discovery of Hudson River, Capitol at Washington. He is now (1885) engaged on a series of paintings represent- ing the wild animals of America. BIGG, WILLIAM RADMORE, born in Jan., 1755, died in London, Feb. 6, 1828. Genre painter ; student of Royal Academy in 1778; elected an A.R.A. in 1787, and R.A. in 1814. His Shipwrecked Sailor Boy, Boys relieving a Blind Man, Black Monday, and others, are engraved, and were popular. Sandby, i. 349. BIGIO, FRANCIA, born in Florence, in 1482, died there, Jan. 14, 1525. Florentine school ; real name Fran- cesco di Cristofano, but commonly called Fran- cia Bigio, which Baldi- nucci erroneously makes into Marcantonio Fran- ciabigi. Vasari gener- ally calls him H Francia. Pupil of Mariotto Albertinelli, whose style he followed, though 157
