IMAI.TAI.IX HJALTALIN, DORSTEIX ILLIA, bom in Iceland in 1771, died at Brunswick in 1817. German school ; landscape painter, pupil at Salzdahluru, Brunswick, of Joliann Friedrich Weitsch, whom he even surpassed in the treatment of trees. Ho was the six- teenth son of his parents, was shipwrecked in Denmark, and wandered under great priva- tions to Poland, and thence to Brunswick. Studied diligently the famous works in the Salzdahlum Gallery, and in 1802 visited Dresden, where he painted two landscapes in the manner of Ruisdael that excited the admiration of connoisseurs. Allgem. d. Biogr., xii. i(8I}. HLAVACEK, ANTON, born in Vienna in 184'2. Landscape painter, pupil of Vienna Academy under Steinfeld and Albert Xiiu- luermann ; made a study trip to the Bava- rian Alps in 18i;:i, then went to Worms, whence ho visited the banks of the Rhine and the Odenwald. Works : From Environs of Vienna (185'J) ; View near Gastein (18(10); Mountain Landscape (IStil) ; View near Salzburg (18(i'2) ; Morning on Hintersee (18(il{) ; View of Worms from Meerstiidt Height; Lindent'els in the Odenwald; De- parture of Burgrave of Rodenstein from Burg Schnellerts ; Morning in Rhenish Pa- latinate, Vienna Museum ; Konigsee (I8(i!)); The Imperial City on the Danube (1884). Allgem. K. Ch., ix. 147 ; Kunst-Chronik, xx. 2G9, 4'.).",. HOBBEMA, MEYNDERT (Minderhout I, born at Koeverden or at Amsterdam (?) in 1(!38, died at Amsterdam, buried Dec. 14, 1701). Dutch school ; landscape painter, formed himself under the influence of Jacob van Ruisdael. Much neglected in his life-time, and little esteemed, this paint- er now takes rank as one of the greatest masters of landscape art, thanks to the initi- ative of England, where nine-tenths of his works are to be found. With less inventive genius and less poetic feeling than Ruisdael, Hobbema surpassed him in truth to atmos- pheric effect, in tone, and in brilliancy of colour. These qualities give a magical beauty to the generallv prosaic scenes which he habitually treated. Some of his land- scapes are enlivened with figures by Pieter Bouts, Adrian van tier Velde, BtTgheiii, Lin- gclbach, Storck, Helt-Stokade, B. Gael, and Helmbreker. Works : Showery Weather, Avenue at Middolharnis, Ruins of Brederode Castle (ICIu), Village with Water-Mills. Forest Scene, Woody Landscape, Castle in Rocky Landscape, National Gallery, Lon- don ; landscapes in Buckingham Palace (K), Bridgewater ('!), Dulwich I'Jl, and Gros- venor (2) Galleries, Hertford House, Baring, Dudley, Wynn Ellis, Holfonl. Lord Over- stone's Collections, ih. ; (ilasgow Gallery (.">) ; National Gallery, Edinburgh (2); Lou- vre, Paris; Museums cf Iwmlr.-uiv, Antwerp, Brussels (llili'i), Amsterdam (:!), Rotterdam (2), Berlin, Darmsta.lt (Kll'.l), Dresden (2), Gotha, K"niigsberg, Leipsic (?), Stuttgart (->, Vienna, New York; Stiidol Gallery, Frankfort (2); Kunsthalle, Hamburg; < >ld 1'inakothek, Munich ; Hermitage, St. Peters- burg (!(!<>:!) ; Historical Society, New York (2).- Allgem. d. Biogr., xii. .'>!(>; Dohmc, lii.; Ga/. desB. Arts (1S.V.I), iv. 28; (ISIU), xvi. 214; limner/eel, ii. 41 ; Kramm, iii. li!t:i ; vii. 77 ; Kugler (Crowe), ii. 47"> ; Richter, 7(i. HODGSON, -JOHN EVAN, born in Lon- don, March 1, 1S:U. Subject i)ainter, stu- dent in 1855 of the Royal Academy, where he first exhibited in 18.">(i. Painted at first domestic subjects, then historical pictures from 1801 to 18(i5 ; and, after a visit to North Africa, subjects of Moorish life, to which he has since mostly confined his ef- forts. Became an A.R.A. in 1873 and H.A. 4G3
