TsICOLL that lie soon became <i member of the R. S.A. Removed in 1863 to London, where he has since resided. Elected an A.R.A. in 186(5. Many of his works are well known through engravings. Medal, 2d class, Paris, 18G7. Works : Toothache (1861) ; Notice to Quit (1802) ; Among the Old Masters (1804); Deputation, Collecting his Thoughts, Yours to Command (1865) ; Both Puzzled (180(1) ; Kiss an' Make it up (1807) ; China Merchant (1808); Disputed Boundary (1809), Mrs. A. T. Stewart, New York; Fishers' Knot (1871); Pro Bono Publico, Past Work, Steady, Johnny, Steady (1873) ; New Vin- tage ("1875); Storm at Sea (1870); His Legal Adviser, Unwillingly to School (1877); Under a Cloud, Missing Boat, Lonely Tenant of the Glen (1878) ; Interviewing the Member (1879); Paying the Rent, W. H. Vanderbilt, New York; Temptation, H. V. Newcomb, ib.; Beggar my Neighbor, Irish Pattern, Duet, J. W. Bates, Philadelphia ; Paddy's Mark, Corcoran Gallery, Washington ; Bother the Change !, A. Adams, Watertown.Mass. Mey- nell, 148 ; Portfolio (1879), 01 ; Art Journal, 1805 ; (1884), 348 ; Athenrcum (1871), 75. NICOLL, J. C., born in New York in 1845. Marine painter, pupil of M. F. H. do Haas and Kruseman van Elten ; has sketched along the Atlantic coast from the Gulf of St. Lawrence to Florida. Best known by his water-colours. Elected an A.N.A. ill 1881 ; N.A. in 1885. Studio in New York. Works in oil : Foggy Morning Grand Menan, Gulf of St. Lawrence (187G) ; Bass Rocks near Gloucester Mass. (1879) ; On Marblehead Neck (1880) ; Shower at Block Island (1881) ; On the Rocks near Portland (1882); Harbour View (1883); Hudson River Elevator, Twilight, T. B. Clarke, New York ; Warm Morning, Sun- light on the Sea (1884). Water-colours : Moonlight Cape Anne ; Off Portland Har- bour ; Coast View in Spring ; Schroon Lake ; Shower on the Coast, On the Gulf of St. Lawrence (1878); A Creek (1884) ; Summer Morning (1885) ; Fog and Sunshine, on Campobello Islands (1886). NICOMACHUS, painter, of Thebes (?), son and pupil of AristieDus, about 350 B.C. Cicero speaks of him (Brut., 18-70) with high praise ; Pliny says that he worked with great rapidity ; Plutarch (Timol., 36) com- pares his pictures with the verses of Homer, as having, besides strength and beauty, the charm of seeming to have been executed with little effort ; and Vitruvius (iii. Procern. 2) mentions him among those artists who were prevented by adverse circumstances only from attaining the highest rank. Among his works were Rape of Proserpine, Victory soaring on High in a Chariot, Cybele on a Lion, Ulysses wearing the Pileus, Bacchantes surprised by Satyrs, and Scylla, the last of which was probably burned in the Temple of Peace, Rome, A.D. 191. Pliny, xxxv. 21, ' 32, 36 [108, 109] ; Brunn, ii. 168. NICOPHANES, Greek painter, probably of 4th century B.C. Sicyonic school. Pliny (xxxv. 36 [111]) calls him an elegant and fin- ished painter, with whom few could compare for gracefulness, but inferior to Zeuxis or Apelles in the severe and tragic style ; but Polemon (Athen., xiii. p. 567) gives a much lower opinion of him. He may have been identical with Chacrephanes, an artist men- tioned by Plutarch (De Aud. Poet., 18) in even more severe terms. Pliny mentions (xxxv. 40) among the works of Nicophanes, ^sculapius with his Daughters, Hygiea, .ZEgle, Panacea, Jason, and the Ocnos (slug- gard), representing a man twisting a rope at one end while an ass gnaws it at the other. Brunn, ii. 154. NICOSTHENES, painter, probably of 4th century B.C., master of Theodoras of Samos and of Stadiseus. Pliny, xxxv. 40 [146]. There was also a pottery painter called Nicosthenes, whose name appears on sev- eral vases found at Agrigentum. Brunn, ii. 646. NIEDMANN, AUGUST (HEINRICH), born in Brunswick, May 3, 1826. History painter, pupil in Brunswick of Braudes ; settled in 1850 in Munich, where he studied a short time at the Academy under Kaul- 346
