Museum. Müller, 218; Kunst-Chronik, xi.; Zeitschr., xii. (Mittheilungen, v. 10).
GRÖGER, FRIEDRICH KARL, born at
Ploen, Holstein, Oct. 14, 1766, died in Hamburg,
Nov. 9, 1838. Portrait painter, self-taught.
In 1789 he went with Aldenrath
to Berlin, frequented the Academy for some
time, then went to Hamburg, and in 1798
studied in Dresden. Painted for several
years in Kiel and Copenhagen, and finally
settled in Hamburg. Works: Portrait of
the Artist, Dresden Gallery; Portraits of
Man and Wife (1829), Portrait of Pastor
Klefeker, do. of Aldenrath, do. of himself,
his adopted daughter, and Aldenrath (conjointly
with the latter), Kunsthalle, Hamburg;
others in Lübeck, Kiel, Copenhagen
Galleries.—Allgem. d. Biogr., ix. 708; Weilbach,
213.
GRÖNLAND, THEUDE, born at Altona,
Aug. 31, 1817, died in Berlin, April 16,
1876. Landscape and still-life painter, pupil
of Copenhagen Academy; lived then for
three years in Italy, as long in England, and
twenty-five years in Paris. Settled in 1868
in Berlin, where he had many pupils. Member
of Copenhagen Academy. Medals:
Paris, 1st class, 1848; 2d class, 1855.
Work, Fruit-piece, National Gallery, Berlin.
His son, René, born in Paris, Oct. 3,
1849, painted similar subjects.—Weilbach,
213; Jordan, 108; Rosenberg, Berl. Malersch.,
352.
GRÖNVOLD, MARCUS, born at Bergen,
Norway, July 5, 1845. Portrait and genre
painter, pupil of Copenhagen and of Munich
Academies, and studied from 1870 to 1878
under Wilhelm Diez, Otto Seitz, and Piloty;
won several medals, visited Italy in 1874,
Berlin and Düsseldorf in 1876, and Paris in
1878; member of jury at Düsseldorf Exhibition
in 1880. Works: The Burgomaster;
Consolation; Uninvited Guests; Poachers;
Sunday Morning; Scene from Saga of
Wieland the Smith, Cologne Museum; Portrait
of Knut Baade.—Illustr. Zeitg. (1881),
i. 41; Müller, 218; Leixner, D. mod. K., ii.
79.
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GROS, ANTOINE JEAN, Baron, born in
Paris, March 16, 1771, died there, June 27,
1835. History and
portrait painter,
son of Jean Antoine,
miniature painter,
and pupil of David;
competed unsuccessfully
for the prix
de Rome in 1792,
supported himself by
painting portraits,
and in 1793 went to
Italy. In 1796 he was presented to General
Bonaparte at Milan, and obtained his
favour by painting him on the bridge at
Arcole. The General had the picture engraved
by Longhi, gave the plate to Gros,
appointed him review inspector, and put
him on the commission charged to select
works of art to be sent to France. In 1799
he escaped from Genoa on an English ship,
arrived half dead at Antibes, and in 1801
gained at Paris a competition prize for
a sketch of Battle of Nazareth, an historical
picture never executed. Up to 1812, he
painted battles of the Empire and portraits,
then was commissioned to paint the cupola
of St. Geneviève, which he finished in 1824,
when he was ennobled. In 1815 directed
the school of David during that painter's
exile; in 1816 named member of the Institute,
counsellor of Royal Museum, professor
of École des Beaux Arts; 1819, Order of
San Michel; 1828, L. of Honour. His portrait
of Charles X. (1827), some ceilings at
the Louvre, and a Hercules exhibited in
1835, were so severely criticised that Gros
fell into a state of melancholy and drowned
himself. Between 1816 and 1835 he had
formed more than four hundred pupils.
Works: Girl Bathing (1791), Female Portrait,
Besançon Museum; Female Portrait
(1798), Marseilles Museum; Battle of Nazareth
(1801, sketch), Nantes Museum;
Plague of Jaffa (1804), Battlefield of Eylau
(1808), Francis I. and Charles V. visiting the
Tombs in St. Denis (1812), Louvre, Paris;
