painter, engraver, and lithographer. Studied at the Zürich Art School under Meyer, Huber, and Konrad Gessner, then from 1799 in Zweibrücken, and in 1801 in Munich under Quaglio and Hauenstein. In 1805 he entered the Bavarian army and fought against Napoleon in Spain, Germany, and France; in 1816-25 he painted in Salzburg and Munich; in 1828 was commander in Nauplia, Greece, and military governor of Argos; in 1829-33 painted in Munich, and in latter year went again to Greece and reorganized the army. On his return he was made baron, lieutenant-general, and chief of a department in the ministry of war. His pictures of wars in Spain and Greece are historically interesting, and together with his landscapes and genre pieces artistically meritorious. Works: Bavarian Tree-Fellers (1823), Pallicares near Corinth (1829), National Gallery, Berlin; Camp of the Philhellenes before Athens, Carlsruhe Gallery; Donkey Drivers in Italian Osteria (1830), Kunsthalle, Hamburg; Scene in Spanish Guerilla War in 1809 (1824), Leipsic Museum; Views in Greece and Spain (6), New Pinakothek, Munich; Angora Gate at Athens (1838), Königsberg Museum; others in Schleissheim and Stuttgart Galleries; and many in the possession of the royal family of Bavaria.—Allgem. d. Biogr., xi. 295; Cotta's Kunstbl. (1835), 15; Nagler, Mon., ii. 303; Raczynski, ii. 387.
HEIDELOFF, VICTOR PETER, born in
Stuttgart in 1757, died there in 1816. German
school; history and genre painter, pupil
of Stuttgart Academy under Guibal,
Harper, and Scotti; became court-painter
in 1780, visited Italy in 1782-86, and was
professor at the Stuttgart Academy in 1790-93.
Works: Four Seasons, Exit from Theatre,
Royal Palace, Stuttgart; Two Ceiling
Paintings, Stuttgart Academy; Altarpiece,
Rottweil. His son and pupil, Karl Alexander
(born in Stuttgart, Feb. 2, 1788, died
at Hassfurt, Sept. 28, 1865), more noted as
an architect, painted Emperor Maximilian
at the Grave of Duke Eberhard, in the
Royal Palace at Stuttgart; and Knight
Toggenburg, in the collection of Count
Fries, ib.—Wagner, Gesch. d. Karlsschule,
i. 462.
HEIDENREICH, GUSTAV, born in Berlin
in 1819, died there in 1855. History
painter, pupil in Breslau of A. F. König
and in Berlin of Wach. Works: Hertha
and Odin, The Nornæ, Play of the Nixies,
Combat of Giants, New Museum, Berlin;
Material and Mental Development of Greece,
Old Museum, ib.—Kunstbl. (1856), 3.
HEIGEL, FRANZ NAPOLEON, born in
Paris, May 15, 1813. Portrait and genre
painter, son of Josef, pupil of Munich Academy,
then studied in Paris; visited Italy
repeatedly in 1839-46, also Belgium and
France, and became court-painter in Munich.
Bavarian medal for Art and Science;
Member of Société belge des Aquarellistes.
Works: Portraits of Royal Family of Bavaria;
National Costume Pictures; Genre
Scenes.—Müller, 246.
HEIJDE, JAN VAN DER. See Heyden.
HEIL, DANIEL VAN, born at Brussels
in 1604, died in 1662. Flemish school;
landscape painter, master unknown; after
having acquired considerable reputation, he
abandoned his former subjects for conflagrations,
which he represented with unusual
effect. Works: Conflagration, Lille Museum;
Winter Landscape, Hermitage, St. Petersburg.
Leonard van Heil, his brother (born
in Brussels in 1605), painted architecture,
flowers, and insects; and Jan Baptist van
Heil, a younger brother (born in Brussels
in 1609), was a history and portrait painter.
He was living in 1661.
HEILBUTH, FERDINAND, born in
Hamburg, naturalized in France; contemporary.
Genre painter. At first merely a
skilful painter of costumes, he developed at
Rome his peculiar talent for treating life
and manners with that fine sense of humour
and insight into character which
has won him a wide reputation. Medals:
2d class, 1857, 1859, and 1861; L. of
