profited by studying the old masters in Brussels and Paris. Works: Family in Forester's House, Game Poulterer (1846); Hunter's Good Morning (1848); First Instruction in Hunting (1850); Bavarian Rifleman on Outpost (1853); Marshal Wrangel overtaken by General von Werth (1855); Message from Battlefield (1857); Looking for Pheasants (1862); Shakespeare as a Poacher before his Landlord; Visit at the Monastery, The Swedish General Wrangel escaping capture by the Bavarians in 1647 while hunting, New Pinakothek, Munich.—Andresen, iii. 203.
HESS, HEINRICH MARIA VON, born
in Düsseldorf, April 19,
1798, died in Munich,
March 29, 1863. History
and portrait painter,
son and pupil of the
engraver Karl Ernst
Christoph Hess, then
from 1813 at the Munich
Academy under P. von
Langer. Having attracted
attention by his
paintings when only eighteen, he went in
1821 to Rome, and remained four years.
In 1827-47 he was professor at the Munich
Academy, and in 1849 became director of
all the galleries. His frescos in the Chapel
of All Saints (1827-37), and especially those
in the Basilica (1837-46), are among the most
remarkable modern works of their kind. He
was a member of the Vienna, Milan, Stockholm,
and Antwerp Academies. Works:
Entombment, St. Luke (1815); Holy Family,
Faith, Love, and Hope (1817); Charity,
Christmas Eve, St. Cecilia, Entombment,
Descent from the Cross, several portraits
(1817-21); Portrait of Thorwaldsen, Countess
Florenzi, Parnassus (1821-26); 67 Scenes
from Old and New Testament, and 11 from
Church History (1827-37), Life of St. Boniface
(1840-45), Church of All Saints, Munich;
Last Supper (1846), Refectory, Benedictine
Monastery, Munich; Madonna Enthroned,
Last Supper (1863, unfinished), Peasants on
Pilgrimage to Rome, Portrait of Thorwaldsen,
do. of Florentine Lady, New Pinakothek,
ib.; Portrait of Thorwaldsen, Schack Gallery,
ib.—Allgem. d. Biogr., xii. 278; Brockhaus,
ix. 181; Art Journal (1865), 97; Reber-Pecht,
ii. 97.
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HESS, HIERONYMUS, born in Basle in 1788, died there in 1850. History painter, pupil in Rome of Koch. Works: Murder of Emperor Albrecht by Hans von Schwaben; Battle of the Swiss against the French near St. Jacob, Basle Museum.—Cotta's Kunstbl., 1830, 25; N. Necrol. d. D. 1850; Waagen, D., ii. 283, 290.
HESS, JOHANN MICHAEL, born at
Erlau, Hungary, Sept. 18, 1768, died about
1830. History painter, pupil of Vienna
Academy under Maurer, won the first prize
in 1794, and afterwards became professor of
drawing at the Engineer Academy. Works:
St. Stephen, Assumption, John the Baptist
and John of Nepomuk, Seminary Church,
Erlau; Baptism of St. Stephen, Gran Cathedral.—Wurzbach,
viii. 424.
HESS, KARL, born in Düsseldorf in
1801, died at Reichenhall, Nov. 16, 1874.
Genre and animal painter, youngest brother
of Peter, whom, with Wagenbauer, he took
for his model. Educated in Munich. Pictures
full of truth, character, and poetry. Also
an engraver. Works: Thierstück (1835);
Starting for the Alp, Alp near
Kochel (1848); On Stahremberg
Lake; Alp near Schliersee; Munich
Buck-Cellar; Pasturage; Tyrolese
Landscape, National Gallery,
Berlin.—Allgem. d. Biogr.,
xii. 298; Deutsche Warte (1875), 768;
Kunst-Chronik, x. 137.
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HESS, KARL ADOLF, born in Dresden in 1769, died at Wilhelmsdorf, near Vienna, July 3, 1849. Battle and horse painter, pupil of Klass; settled about 1809 in Vienna, where he afterwards became professor at the Academy. His many journeys to Hungary, Russia, and Turkey, and in 1829 to England, enabled him to acquire a thorough knowledge of the various breeds of
