& C., Raphael, i. 285; Gower, Hist. Gal. of England (London, 1881); Felibien, Entretiens, i. 228; Gruyer, Vierges de Raphael, iii. 259; Waagen, Treasures, ii. 26; Cab. Crozat, i. Pl. 23.
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Holy Family—La Perla, Raphael, Madrid Museum.
HOLY FAMILY—LA PERLA (The Pearl), Raphael, Madrid Museum; wood, transferred to canvas, H. 4 ft. 9 in. × 3 ft. 10 in. The Virgin, sitting near a cradle, holding Jesus on her knees; he has one foot on the cradle, and is reaching for fruits which St. John, dressed in a sheep skin, presents him; on right, St. Elizabeth kneeling; in background, St. Joseph among ruins. Painted about 1517 for Federigo II., Gonzaga, Duke of Mantua, according to Passavant, but probably identical with the Nativity described by Vasari as painted for Bishop Lodovico da Canossa; passed from Canossa family, Verona, to Duke of Mantua, and sold in 1628 to Charles I. of England; bought after Charles's death, for £2,000, by Don Alonzo de Cardeñas, Spanish Ambassador, for Philip IV. of Spain, who is said to have exclaimed when he saw it: "This is the pearl among my pictures!" Carried in 1813 to Paris, where transferred to canvas; returned to Madrid in 1822. Many copies. Engraved by Gio. Baptista Franco, L. Vorsterman, and others. The M. della Gatta, by Giulio Romano, Naples Museum, is a repetition of the Perla, with a change of accessories; derives its name from the cat (gatta) crouching at St. Elizabeth's feet. Engraved by G. B. Franco; L. Vorsterman. Giulio Romano had perhaps some hand in painting the Perla.—Gruyer, Vierges de Raphael, iii. 348; Passavant, ii. 250; Kugler (Eastlake), ii. 375; Vasari, ed. Mil., iv. 351; Müntz, 513; Springer, 351; Gaz. des B. Arts, xviii. (1878), 211; Madrazo, 192.
HOLY FAMILY WITH SAINTS, Bagnacavallo,
Bologna Gallery; wood, H. 6 ft. 2
in. × 4 ft. 5 in. The Virgin, seated; Jesus,
standing in his cradle, leans across her lap
to reach flowers offered by St. Joseph; behind,
standing, SS. Benedict, Mary Magdalen,
and Paul; in background, the nativity.
Formerly in S. M. Maddalena, Bologna.
Engraved by G. Asioli.—Pinac. di Bologna,
Pl. 16.
HOLY FAMILY WITH ST. ZACHARIAS.
See Madonna with Cherries.
HOLZER, JOHANN EVANGELIST, born
at Burgeis, Tyrol, in 1709, died at Clemenswerth,
Hanover, July 21, 1740. German
school; history and portrait painter, pupil at
Meran of Nicholaas Auer; went afterwards to
Augsburg, where he worked conjointly with
Johann Geo. Bergmüller, and later independently
in oil and fresco. Works: Finding
of the Cross, Sketch to Mythological Fresco
Painting in Augsburg, Faith, Hope and
Love, Emperor Heraclius divesting himself
of the Purple, Artist's Portrait, Ferdinandeum,
Innsbruck; Ecce Homo; Peasant
Wedding; Two Altarpieces, Dominican
Church, Augsburg; Fall of Angels, Jesuit
Church, ib.; Portrait of Elector Clemens of
Cologne (1740).—Allgem. d. Biogr., xiii. 27;
Wurzbach, ix. 248.
HOLZER, JOSEF, born in Vienna, March
20, 1824, died there, Jan. 17, 1876. Landscape
painter, pupil of the Vienna Academy,
