open air, and is considered the best painter of clear sunlight. His prevailing local colour is red, repeated with great delicacy in various planes of distance. Works: Court of Dutch House (1658), Courtyard of do. (1665), Interior of do., National Gallery, London; A Courtyard, Card-Players (1658), Buckingham Palace; Woman and Child, Lord Ashburton; Door of Ale-House, Lord Overstone, London; Lady and Gentleman at Cards, Dutch Interior (2), Louvre; Artist's Portrait (1651), The Cellar, Couple engaged in Music, The Letter (1670), Woman combing Girl's Hair, Married Couple before Country House, Mother and Child, Amsterdam Museum; Dutch Interior, Rotterdam Museum; do., Lille, Berlin, Darmstadt, Nuremberg Museums, Carlsruhe, Cassel, and Schleissheim Galleries, Städel Gallery, Frankfort, Kunsthalle, Hamburg, Old Pinakothek, Munich; Minuet, Family Concert, Domestic Scene, Copenhagen Gallery; Lace-Maker, Lady and Cook-Maid, Lady and Cavalier Singing and Playing, Hermitage, St. Petersburg; The Letter, Leuchtenberg Gallery, ib.; Consultation, formerly Narischkine Collection, ib.; Painter in his Studio, Czernin Gallery, Vienna.—Burger, Musées, i. 98; ii. 56; Dohme, 1ii.; Gower, Figure Painters, 69; Havard, A. & A. holl., iii. 61; Immerzeel, ii. 51; Kramm, iii. 732; Kugler (Crowe), ii. 385.
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HOOGSTRATEN, JAN VAN, born at Dordrecht about 1625, died in Vienna in 1654. Dutch school; history and genre painter, brother and pupil of Samuel, with whom he travelled and worked at the imperial court in Vienna. Work, Two Women with Pipe and Pitcher, Vienna Museum.—Immerzeel, ii. 53.
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HOOGSTRATEN, SAMUEL VAN, born
at Dordrecht in 1627
(?), died there, Oct. 19,
1678. Dutch school;
son and pupil of Dirk
H., and in 1640 entered
school of Rembrandt.
Painted at first chiefly
portraits at The
Hague and Dordrecht,
later painted landscapes,
marines, animals,
and still-life. Resembled Pieter de
Hooch in the light and cool tone of his pictures.
In 1651 he went to Vienna, Rome,
and London, finding admirers everywhere.
He also wrote a book, called "Introduction
to the High Art School." Works: Portrait
of Matheus van den Broucke, Sick Girl,
Amsterdam Museum; Lady
walking in Court-Yard, Hague
Museum; Male Portrait (1651),
Berlin Museum; Old Jew (1653),
Inner Court of Imperial Castle
(1652), Vienna Museum.—Allgem.
d. Biogr., xiii. 99; Burger,
Musées, i. 222; ii. 51; Kugler (Crowe), ii.;
Immerzeel, ii. 53; Kramm, iii. 739; Stuers,
54; Kunst-Chronik (1865), 60.
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HOOK, JAMES CLARKE, born in London,
Nov. 21, 1819.
History, marine, and
genre painter, pupil
of Royal Academy in
1836; exhibited first
picture, The Hard
Task, in 1839; won
in 1845 gold medal
for best historical
picture, Finding of
the Body of Harold,
and in 1846 the travelling studentship by
his Rizpah, and went to Italy. Painted at
first principally Italian subjects, but in 1854
began his series of "English pastorals"
which have brought him fame. Elected an
