painted in Italy, Paris, Holland, and four years at The Hague. His most popular works are those depicting American life, many of which have been engraved and lithographed. Elected N.A. in 1860. Studio in New York. Works: Old Kentucky Home (1867), R. L. Stuart, New York; Chimney-*sweep, T. R. Butler, ib.; Old Stage-Coach (1871), George Whitney, Boston; Woodland Bath (1873); Prisoner of State (1874); Milton dictating to his Daughter (1875); Husking-Bee (1876); Lullaby (1877); Tender Passion (1859), Spanish Woman (1862), W. T. Walters, Baltimore; Cranberry Harvest—Island of Nantucket (1880); Funding Bill—Portraits of two Men (1881); New England Pedler, In Kind Hands (1884). Portraits: Of a Gentleman (1883), Sir Edward Archibald, England; Dr. McCosh (Alexander Maitland), Hon. C. J. Folger (1884); Hon. William M. Evarts (1885).—Sheldon, 166; Tuckerman, 466.
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JOHNSON, FROST, born in New York in 1835. Genre painter, pupil of the National Academy, New York, under Professor Cummings, in 1859; studied at the Düsseldorf Academy, in 1861, at the Antwerp Academy, and in 1863 at the École des Beaux Arts, Paris. Painted under Édouard Frère, at Écouen in 1865-69, and lived for some time in London. Studio in New York. Works: First Whiff; Caught at It: Arithmetic Lesson; Study of an Interior, Les Pommes (1869); Roasted Chestnuts; La Petite Flaneuse, Alvah Hall, New York; Last and Best; The Bouquet—Portrait of Lady Helena Blackwood, Gallery of Earl Dufferin; Neglected Lesson; Love Me, Love Me Not; A Thirsty Party, Good-Night (1876); Young Ornithologist (1879); After Rain (1880); Moorland Landscape (1881).
JOHNSTON, ALEXANDER, born in
Edinburgh in 1816. History painter; pupil
of Trustees' Academy, Edinburgh, and of
Royal Academy, London; first exhibited at
Royal Academy in 1838. Works: Gentle
Shepherd (1840); Covenanter's Marriage
(1842); Highland Home (1843); Tillotson
administering Sacrament to Lord Russell
(1845), National Gallery; Burial of Charles
I. (1847); Trial of Laud (1849); Covenanter's
Burial (1852); Tyndale translating Bible
(1854); Abdication of Mary Queen of Scots
(1855); Bunyan in Bedford Gaol (1861);
Press Gang Sixty Years Ago (1862); Billet-Doux
(1868); Il Penseroso, Juliet (1870);
Isaac Watts and his Mother (1871); Turning
Point (1873); Bonnie Lesley (1876); Waif
(1877); Preparing for Conquest (1878);
Reginald (1884).—Ottley; Art Journal
(1857), 57; Cat. Nat. Gal.
JOLIVARD, ANDRÉ, born at Le Mans,
Sept. 15, 1787, died in Paris, Dec. 8, 1851.
Landscape painter, pupil of Bertin. Studied
law at Paris, made the campaign of 1813,
admitted to the bar in 1816, and then gave
himself up to painting. Medal, 1827; L.
of Honour, 1835. Works: A Torrent (1819);
View of St. Leonard-les-Bois (1834); River
winding through a Forest, River Veyre
(1839); Torrent in Woods (1844); River
Sarthe (1845); View in Brittany (1846); Autumn
Evening (1847); Ubaldus and Dunois
stopped by Nymphs (1850); Works in Museums
at Bordeaux, Lisieux, and Mans.—Bellier,
i. 833; Larousse.
JOLLIVET, PIERRE JULES, born in
Paris, June 27, 1794, died there, Sept. 7,
1871. History and genre painter, pupil of
Gros and De Juinne. Medals: 2d class,
1833; 1st class, 1835; L. of Honour, 1851.
Works: Bull-Fight at Madrid, Interior of
an Alcalde's House at Madrid (1831); Gitanos
halting in the Mountains of Ronda
(1833); Brigands of Valencia (1833), Valenciennes
Museum; Christopher Columbus
discovering America, Quentin Durward
(1833); Guerrilla Woman (1834); Trial of
Joan of Arc, Byron's Lara (1835); Christ and
