Head, the Nostrils and Ears therewith. Dose gut. iii. ad vi. This is that Balsam which Charles, Duke of Burgundy bought of an English Doctor for 10000 Florentines.”
It is to be noted, by the way, the odours do not “strengthen the memory” as a whole ; what they do is to revive special memories.
The use of perfumes like camphor to ward off infection has long been in vogue. The pompous doctors of Hogarth’s time—-just 200 years ago—carried walking-sticks the hollow handle of which formed a receptacle for camphor, musk, or other pungent substances, which they held to their noses when visiting patients, to guard against the smells that to them spelt infection. And the air of the Old Bailey used to be, and indeed still is, sweetened with herbs strewn on the Bench, lest the prisoner about to be condemned to death by the rope
might return the compliment and sentence his judge to death by gaol-fever. To this day, also, herbs are strewn about the Guildhall on state and ceremonial occasions, an interesting survival.
Demoniac possession was also largely responsible for the nauseous and disgusting remedies of which early medicine, both among the folk and
among the more educated medical men, was very fond.
Paracelsus was a great believer in such con-
