Kerner, Professor, on use of external characters of plants, 133
on seeds found on glaciers, 366
Kingfishers illustrating divergence of character, 109
L
Lacerta muralis, diagram of variation of, 47
Lagopus scoticus, origin of, 107
Lamarck, on origin of species, 3
Land debris deposited near coasts, 343
and ocean, diagram showing comparative height and depth of, 345
Large animals, cause of extinction of, 394
Larvae of moths, variability of, 46
Laughers, Frill-backs, Nuns, Spots, and Swallows, 93
Law of relation of colour and nest, 278, 279
Laws of animal coloration, 296
Lawson Tait, on uses of tails, 136
Leaf-butterflies, 207
Leguminosae, rare in oceanic islands, 368
Lemuria, an unsound hypothesis, 354
Lepidoptera, variation of, 44
Leyden Museum, diagram showing variability of birds in, 61
Life, Weismann on duration of, 437 (note)
Limenitis misippus mimics Danais archippus, 248
ursula mimics Papilio philenor, 248
Linnaeus, on rapid increase of the flesh-fly, 25
Livingstone, his sensations when seized by a lion, 38
Lizards, variation among, 46
diagram of variation of, 48
sexual colours of, 281
Local colour adaptations, 199
Locusts with warning colours inedible, 267
Longicorns mimic Malacoderms, 257
Low, Mr., on effects of close interbreeding, 160
Low, Mr., on fertile crosses between sheep and goat, 162
on selective association, 172
Low forms of life, continued existence of, explained, 114
forms, persistence of, 121
temperature of tropics not needed to explain plant dispersal, 370
Lower types, extinction of, among the higher animals, 114
Lubbock, Sir John, on forms of leaves, 133
on imperfect counting of early man, 464
Lyell, Sir Charles, on variation of species, 4
on the shifting of continents, 342
M
Madagascar and New Zealand, 347
Madeira, wingless beetles of, 105
Maize, origin of, 98
Male rivalry, a real cause of selection, 283
Males of many animals fights together, 282
Malm, on eyes of flatfish, 129
Mammalia, variation of, 65
sexual colours of, 281, 282
afford crucial tests of theories of distribution, 353
early forms of, 407
geological distribution of, 408
Mammary glands, supposed origin of, 129
Man, summary of animal characteristics of, 454
geological antiquity of, 455
early remains of, in California, 456
probably as old as the Miocene, 457
probable birthplace of, 459
origin of moral and intellectual nature of, 461
possesses mental qualities not derived exclusively
from his animal progenitors, 474
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