CHAP. VI.
_____soil was found pregnant with copper, silver, and gold. Mention is made of a mine near Carthagena which yielded every day twenty-five thousand drachms of silver, or about three hundred thousand pounds a year[1]. Twenty thousand pound weight of gold was annually received from the provinces of Asturia, Gallicia, and Lusitania[2].
of the isle of Gyarus.We want both leisure and materials to pursue this curious enquiry through the many potent states that were annihilated in the Roman empire. Some notion, however, may be formed of the revenue of the provinces where considerable wealth had been deposited by nature, or collected by man, if we observe the severe attention that was directed to the abodes of solitude and sterility. Augustus once received a petition from the inhabitants of Gyarus, humbly praying that they might be relieved from one third of their excessive impositions. Their whole tax amounted indeed to no more than one hundred and fifty drachms, or about five pounds : but Gyarus was a little island, or rather a rock, of the ^Egean sea, destitute of fresh water and every necessary of life, and inhabited only by a few wretched fishermen[3].
Amount of the revenue.From the faint glimmerings of such doubtful and scattered lights, we should be inclined to believe. First, that (with every fair allowance for the difference of times and circumstances) the general income of the Roman provinces could seldom amount to less than fifteen or twenty millions of our money[4]; and, Second, that so ample a revenue must have been fully adequate to all the expenses of the moderate government instituted by Augustus, whose court was the modest family of a private senator, and whose military establishment- ↑ Strabo, 1. iii. p. 148.
- ↑ Plin. Hist. Natur. 1. xxxiii. c. 3. He mentions likewise a silver mine in Dalniatia, that yielded every day fifty pounds to the state.
- ↑ Strabo, 1. x. p. 485 ; Tacit. Annal. iii. 69. and iv. 30. See in Tournefoit (Voyages au Levant, Lettre viii.) a very lively picture of the actual misery of Gyarus.
- ↑ Lipsius (de Magnitudine Romana, 1. ii. c. 3.) computes the revenue at one hundred and fifty millions of gold crowns ; but his whole book, though learned and ingenious, betrays a very heated imagination.
