CONTENTS. A. D. 251. Decius revives the office of censor in the person of Valerian . . .293 The design impracticable, and with- out effect . . 295 Defeat and death of Decius and his son . . . 296 A. D. 251. Election of Gallus . 297 A. D. 252. Retreat of the Goths ib. Gallus purchases peace by the pay- ment of an annual tribute . 298 Popular discontent . ib. A. D. 253. Victory and revolt of ^milianus . . 299 Gallus abandoned and slain . ib. Valerian revenges the death of Gallus, and is acknow^ledged emperor . . 300 Character of Valerian . 301 A. D. 253-268. General misfor- tunes of the reigns of Valerian and Gallienus . . ib. Inroads of the barbarians . 302 Origin and confederacy of the Franks . . . ib. They invade Gaul and ravage Spain 303 They pass over into Africa . 304 Origin and renovs^n of the Suevi . 305 A mixed body of Suevi assume the name of Alemanni . ib. Invade Gaul and Italy . . 306 Are repulsed from Rome by the senate and people . ib. The senators excluded by Gallie- nus from the military service 307 Gallienus contracts an alliance with the Alemanni . ib. Inroads of the Goths . 308 Conquest of the Bosphorus by the Goths . . . ib. The Goths acquire a naval force 310 First naval expedition of the Goths ib. I'he Goths besiege and take Tre- bizond . .311 The second expedition of the Goths 312 They plunder the cities of Bithynia ib. Retreat of the Goths . . 313 Third naval expedition of the Goths 314 They pass the Bosphorus and the Hellespont . . ib. Ravage Greece and threaten Italy 315 Their divisions and retreat . ib. Ruin of the temple of Ephesus . 317 Conduct of the Goths at Athens . 318 Conquest of Armenia by the Per- sians . . . ib. Valerian marches into the e3st . 319 A.D. 260. Is defeated and taken pri- soner by Sapor king of Persia ib. Sapor overruns Syria, Cilicia, and Cappadocia . 321 Boldness and success of Odena- thus against Sapor . . 322 Treatment of Valerian . 323 Character and administration of Gallienus . . . 324 The thirty tyrants . . 325 Their real number was no more than nineteen . 326 Character and merit of the tyrants ib. Their obscure birth . . 327 The causes of their rebellion . 328 Their violent deaths . . ib. Fatal consequences of these usur- pations . . 329 Disorders of Sicily . . 330 Tumults of Alexandria . 331 Rebellion of the Isaurians . 332 Famine and pestilence . 333 Diminution of the human species ib. CHAPTER XI. REIGN OF CLAUDIUS. -DEFEAT OF THE GOTHS.— VICTORIES, TRIUMPH, AND DEATH OF AURELIAN. A.D. 268. Aureolus invades Italy, is defeated and besieged at Milan . . 335 Death of Gallienus . 337 Character and elevation of the emperor Claudius . . ib. A.D. 268. Death of Aureolus . 339 Clemency and justice of Claudius ib. He undertakes the reformation of the army . . . 340 A. D. 269. The Goths invade the empire Distress and firmness of Claudius His victory over the Goths A.D. 270. Death of the emperor, who recommends Aurelian for his successor . . . . • The attempt and fall of Quintilius Origin and services of Aurelian . Aurelian's successful reign His severe discipline 341 342 ib. 344 345 ib. 346 ib. He concludes a treaty with the Goths . . . 347 He resigns to them the province of Dacia * . 348 A. D. 270. The Alemannic war 349 The Alemanni invade Italy . 351 Are at last vanquished by Aure- lian . . 352 A. D. 271. Superstitious cere- monies . . 353 Fortifications of Rome . 354 Aurelian suppresses the two usur- pers . . . 355 Succession of usurpers in Gaul . ib. A. D. 271. The reign and defeat ofTetricus . . 356 A. D. 272. Character of Zenobia 357 Her beauty and learning . 358 Her valour . . ib. She revenges her husband's death 359 Reigns over the east and Egypt . ib.
