CHAP. II.
-----scarcely considered their own existence as distinct from the existence of Rome. The established authority of the emperors pervaded without an effort the wide extent of their dominions, and was exercised with the same facility on the banks of the Thames, or of the Nile, as on those of the Tiber. The legions were destined to serve against the public enemy, and the civil magistrate seldom required the aid of a military force[1]. In this state of general security, the leisure as well as opulence both of the prince and people, were devoted to improve and to adorn the Roman empire.
Roman monuments.Among the innumerable monuments of architecture constructed by the Romans, how many have escaped the notice of history, how few have resisted the ravages of time and barbarism! And yet even the majestic ruins that are still scattered over Italy and the provinces, would be sufficient to prove, that those countries were once the seat of a polite and powerful empire. Their greatness alone, or their beauty, might deserve our attention; but they are rendered more interesting by two important circumstances, which connect the agreeable history of the arts with the more useful history of human manners. Many of those works were erected at private expense, and almost all were intended for public benefit.
Many of them erected at private expense.It is natural to suppose that the greatest number, as well as the most considerable of the Roman edifices, were raised by the emperors, who possessed so unbounded a command both of men and money. Augustus was accustomed to boast, that he had found his capital of brick, and that he had left it of marble[2]. The strict economy of Vespasian was the source of- ↑ Joseph, de Bell. Judaico, 1. ii. c. 16. The oration of Agrippa, or rather of the historian, is a fine picture of the Roman empire.
- ↑ Sueton. in August, c. 28. Augustus built in Rome the temple and forum of Mars the avenger ; the temple of Jupiter tonans in the capitol; that of Apollo palatine, with public libraries j the portico and basilica of Caius and Lucius, the porticoes of Livia and Octavia, and the theatre of Marcellus. The example of the sovereign was imitated by his ministers and generals ; and his friend Agrippa left behind him the immortal monument of the Pantheon.
