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678
sparrows.
INDEX.
stark.
- Sparrows, new mates found by, 408.
- , sexes and young of, 483; learning to sing, 570.
- Spathura Underwoodi, 388.
- Spawning of fishes, 341, 344.
- Spear, used before dispersion of man, 180.
- Species, causes of the advancement, of, 137; distinctive characters of, 166; or races of man, 168; sterility and fertility of, when crossed, 170; supposed, of man, 174; gradation of, 175; difficulty of defining, 175; representative, of birds, 468; of birds, comparative differences between the sexes of distinct, 469.
- Spectrum femoratum, difference of colour in the sexes of, 289.
- Speech, connection between the brain and the faculty of, 88; connection of intonation with music, 570.
- "Spel" of the black-cock, 375.
- Spencer, Herbert, on the influence of food on the size of the jaws, 33; on the dawn of intelligence, 67; on the origin of the belief in spiritual agencies, 94; on the origin of the moral sense, 123; on music, 571, 572.
- Spengel, disagrees with explanation of man's hairlessness, 602.
- Sperm-whales, battles of male, 500.
- Sphingidæ, coloration of the, 314.
- Sphinx, Humming-bird, 317.
- , Mr. Bates on the caterpillar of a, 325.
- moth, musky odour of, 308.
- Spiders, 272; parental feeling in, 106; male, more active than female, 221; proportion of the sexes in, 254; secondary sexual characters of, 272; courtship of male, 273; attracted by music, 273; male, small size of, 273.
- Spilosoma menthastri, rejected by turkeys, 316.
- Spine, alteration of, to suit the erect attitude of man, 53.
- Spirits, fondness of monkeys for, 7.
- Spiritual agencies, belief in, almost universal, 94.
- Spiza cyanea and civis, 412.
- Spoonbill, 374; Chinese, change of plumage in, 461.
- Spots, retained throughout groups of birds, 427; disappearance of, in adult mammals, 546.
- Sprengel, C. K., on the sexuality of plants, 212.
- Spring-boc, horns of the, 509.
- Sproat, Mr., on the extinction of savages in Vancouver Island, 183; on the eradication of facial hair by the natives of Vancouver Island, 580; on the eradication of the beard by the Indians of Vancouver Island, 603.
- Spurs, occurrence of, in female fowls, 227, 231; development of, in various species of Phasianidæ, 235; of Gallinaceous birds, 362, 364; development of, in female Gallinaceæ, 449.
- Squilla, different colours of the sexes of a species of, 271.
- Squirrels, battles of male, 500; African, sexual differences in the colouring of, 534; black, 540.
- Stag, long hairs of the throat of, 521; horns of the, 227, 229; battles of, 501; horns of the, with numerous branches, 510; bellowing of the, 526; crest of the, 531.
- -beetle, numerical proportion of sexes of, 253; large size of male, 278; weapons of the male, 299.
- Stainton, H. T., on the numerical proportion of the sexes in the smaller moths, 251; habits of Elachista rufocinerea, 252; on the coloration of moths, 315; on the rejection of Spilosoma menthastri, by turkeys, 316; on the sexes of Agrotis exclamationis, 316.
- Staley, Bishop, mortality of infant Maories, 187.
- Stallion, mane of the, 521.
- Stallions, two, attacking a third, 101; fighting, 501; small canine teeth of, 514.
- Stansbury, Capt., observations on pelicans, 102.
- Staphylinidæ, hornlike processes in male, 299.
- Starfishes, parental feeling in, 106; bright colours of some, 260.
- Stark, Dr., on the death-rate in towns and rural districts, 138; on the influence of marriage on mortality,
