INDEX 469 Michael VIII., 28 sq.; obliged to resign office, 31 ; his restoration, 37 Justiniani : a commercial company in Chios, 133 n. Justiniani, John : a Genoese soldier of great reputation, 220 ; com- mander-in-chief of imperial forces at the great siege, ib. ; his prepara- tions : closes the harbour by a boom, 221 ; disposition of the few troops under his command, 249 ; erects a stockade to defend the walls where the attack was fiercest, 255, 283; defeats Turks in their first assault, 256 ; shares in scheme for attack on Turkish vessels, 279 ; is alleged to have advised the emperor to leave the city, 286 ; led the defence against attack at Turks' ' bastion,' 294 ; Justiniani's loyalty, bravery, and continuous labours in the siege, 303, 309 ; description of his stockade, 309 ; high esteem in which he was held, 310 ; influence of his energy and courage upon his troops, ib. ; he led the defenders against Bashi-Bazouks, 336 ; and against Janissaries, 341, 345 ; Justi- niani mortally wounded : retires within the walls, 345 ; his death, 346 ; his departure creates a panic among the forces, 346 sq., 352 ; par- tisan charges against him, 347, 352 Kahkie Mosque, 413 n Knights of Bhodes, 93, 146, 151 Knights Templars, 53 sq., 227 Konia, sultan of, 387 Ladislaus, King of Poland (1428), 129, 157 ; crowned King of Poland and Hungary (1440), 158; at the battle of Slivnitza, 160 ; the treaty made after the battle : immediately violated by Ladislaus, 161 ; he was killed in the battle of Varna, 169 Languages, various, in the Greek empire, 187 Lascaris, Theodore, emperor of Nicaea (1204-22) : struggle with Baldwin and Henry (Baldwin's successor), 6 ; Lascaris's success : extent of his territory, 7 Lascaris, Theodore II., Emperor (of Nicaea, 1254-58 ; son and successor of John Vataces) : his prosperous reign, 15 ; increase of territory, 16 Lazarus, Krai of Serbia (son of Stephen) ; effort against Turks, 107 ; utterly defeated by them at Cossovo- pol (1389), 108; fate of Lazarus, ib. ; in battle of Angora, 143 ; does homage to Murad II., 156 Leontius of Salonica : first Professor of Greek in any Western country. 405 Loredano, Admiral (Venetian), 285, 296 Louis, King of Hungary, 91, 93 Louis of Blois, Count, 4 sq. Lycus, valley of the, 239, 283 Lydia, sultan of, 100 Lyons, Council of (1245), 15; the apparent reconciliation of East and West in 1274, 34 Lysippus, the bronze horses of, 22 Macedonia, kingdom of : included in empire of Theodore Lascaris II., 16 Mahmoud, head of Turkish Asiatic troops, 243 Mahomet, the Prophet; his promise to captors of New Borne, 230 Mahomet L, Sultan (1413-20, son of Suliman) : the first of the name in Ottoman dynasty, 113 ; proclaimed himself Grand Sultan of the Otto- mans, 151 ; conciliatory relations with Manuel II., ib. : breach caused by Manuel's treatment of Mustafa, 152 ; death of Mahomet, ib. Mahomet II., Sultan (1451, son of Murad II.) : his aim from boyhood, to capture Constantinople, 207 ; two sides of his character : student and bloodthirsty tyrant, 207 sqq. ; his accession, 209 ; puts to death his infant brother, 210 ; his great military skill : relations with his troops, ib. ; secret preparations for the siege, 211 ; Constantine and other rulers send him conciliating embassies, 211 ; makes a truce with Hunyadi, 213 ; active preparations : Boumelia-Hissar, ib. ; reply to em- peror's remonstrances, 214 ; the fortress completed : Mahomet de- clares war, 216 ; capture of ships, 217 ; the sultan's address to the pachas, ib. ; he devastates country round the city, 218 ; composition and numbers of his army, 222 sqq. ; Urban's great bombard, 231 ; details of Mahomet's fleet, 232 sqq. ; army arrives before the walls, 235 ; he makes formal offer of peace : the reply, 236 ; disposition of his forces, 243 sqq. ; number and disposition of his cannon, 244 sq. ; size of the guns and of the balls they threw,
